BIO UNIT 7

Question 1

Nasal Passages

Answer 1

-The air enters through the nostrils or mouth and into the throat

Question 2

Cilia

Answer 2

-Nasal passage lined with hair-like structures and mucous membranes called Cilia

Question 3

Nose

Answer 3

-Warms, moistens, and filters air

Question 4

Breathing

Answer 4

-Action that organisms do to take in air

Question 5

Respiration

Answer 5

-Chemical process that occurs within our cells
-Converts glucose + oxygen into energy + carbon dioxide

Question 6

Pharynx

Answer 6

-The back of the throat

Question 7

Trachea

Answer 7

-Tube with rings of cartilage to keep it open
-Air passes into the trachea

Question 8

Epiglottis

Answer 8

-A flap that covers trachea during swallowing

Question 9

Bronchial Tubes

Answer 9

-Trachea divides into two tubes before reaching the lungs

Bronchial Tubes -> Into Lungs - Bronchioles -> Alveoli

Question 10

Alveoli

Answer 10

-Moist, thin air sacs surrounded by blood vessels
-Gas exchanged through these membrane bound sacs into the blood

Question 11

Respiratory Gas Exchange

Answer 11

-Oxygen from lungs into blood
-Carbon dioxide from blood into alveoli

Question 12

How does air get into the lungs?

Answer 12

-Air pressure changes in chest cavity
-Caused by contraction and relaxation of the diaphragm and rib muscles during inhalation and exhalation

Question 13

Diaphragm

Answer 13

-Dome shaped muscle located on the bottom of the body cavity

Question 14

Diaphragm/ribs during inhalation

Answer 14

-Diaphragm moves down and rib muscles move outwards allowing for a bigger chest cavity for air to be taken in

Question 15

Diaphragm during exhalation

Answer 15

-Diaphragm moves up and rib muscles move inwards creating a smaller chest cavity

Question 16

Bronchitis

Answer 16

-Inflammation of the lining of the bronchial tubes
-Cilia cant remove excess mucus being produced
-Shortness of breath and coughing of mucus

Question 17

Asthma

Answer 17

-Bronchial tubes narrow due to allergic reaction or stimulus
-Person has a hard time breathing
-Not enough oxygen reaches the lungs

Question 18

Emphysema

Answer 18

-Alveoli break down
-Lungs become less elastic and begin to hold less air
-Shortness of breath even with the easiest activites
-Smoking is a huge cause

Question 19

Lung Cancer

Answer 19

-Uncontrolled growth of tumors
-Proven relationship between lung cancer and smoking

Question 20

Pneumonia

Answer 20

-Infection in the lungs caused by bacteria or virus
-Lungs fill with fluid making it hard to exchange gas and breath

Question 21

Heart

Answer 21

-Hollow organ with walls made up of cardiac muscle
-Beats 100,000x a day

Question 22

Cardiovascular System

Answer 22

-Network of transport vessels connecting muscles and organs throughout the body

Question 23

What does the Cardiovascular System transport

Answer 23

-Nutrients from digested from food
-Oxygen from the lungs
-Metabolic wastes (Carbon dioxide)
-Hormones
-Heat

Question 24

4 Heart Chambers: Left side

Answer 24

-Receives oxygen rich blood from the lungs

Question 25

4 Heart Chambers: Right side

Answer 25

-Oxygen poor blood received from the body

Question 26

Heart Beat: Upper chambers

Answer 26

-The ATRIUMS pump blood to the ventricles

Question 27

Heart Beat: Lower Chambers

Answer 27

-The VENTRICLES pump blood to the lungs or throughout the body

Question 28

What is the lub dup sound that doctors listen to?

Answer 28

Heart Valves

-Lub: valves between atriums and ventricles
-Dup: Valves between the ventricles and blood vessels closing

Question 29

Blood Flow through the heart

Answer 29

1. Deoxygenated blood enters right atrium
2. Right atrium pumps blood to right ventricle
3. Right ventricle pumps blood to lungs
4. Oxygenated blood enters left atrium
5. Left atrium pumps blood to left ventricle
6. Left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to body

Question 30

Blood Pressure

Answer 30

-Arteries under pressure from beating heart

Question 31

Systolic pressure

Answer 31

-Pressure from contraction of beating heart

Question 32

Diastolic pressure

Answer 32

-Pressure at rest

Question 33

EKG

Answer 33

• A machine that measures the electrical activity of the heart

Question 34

Composition of blood

Answer 34

-Red blood cells
-White blood cells
-Platelets
-Plasma

Question 35

Functions of Blood

Answer 35

-Carry oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to the cells of the body
-Pick up wastes and toxins from the cells
-Fights infections

Question 36

Red Blood Cells

Answer 36

-Red in color because of pigment called hemoglobin which carries oxygen from lungs to body cells
-No nucleus
-Carries oxygen
-Produced in special tissue called bone marrow located inside certain long bones

Question 37

White blood cells

Answer 37

-No color
-Nucleus
-FIghts infection

Question 38

Plasma

Answer 38

-Straw colored
-90% water
-Transports blood cells, hormones, nutrients, cellular excretions, antibodies, salts, and proteins
-Help regulate body temperature

Question 39

Platelets

Answer 39

-Smaller than blood cells
-No nucleus
-Involved in clotting of the blood
-Clog a cut, stopping bleeding

Question 40

Blood Types

Answer 40

-A, B, AB, O
-Types of blood determined by the presence of specific carbs on the red blood cells

-AB are universal recipients
-O are universal donors

Question 41

Blood vessels (vascular tissue)

Answer 41

-Plumbing pipes of the circulatory system
-Elastic tubes that accommodate pushing flow of blood

Question 42

3 Types of blood vessels

Answer 42

1. Arteries
2. Veins
3. Capillaries

Question 43

2 Major blood circuits

Answer 43

-Pulmonary circuit
-Systemic circuit

Question 44

Pulmonary circuit

Answer 44

-Short loop that carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs where it is oxygenated and returned to the heart (lung circuit)

Question 45

Systemic circuit

Answer 45

-Carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body and back to the heart, deoxygenated (body circuit)

Question 46

Arteries

Answer 46

-Carry blood away from the heart to the body
-Mostly carries oxygenated blood (except the pulmonary artery, which goes to the lungs with deoxygenated blood)

Question 47

Example of an artery

Answer 47

Aorta

Question 48

Capillaries

Answer 48

-Tiny, thin walled blood vessels
-Gas exchanged across membranes of capillaries
-Blood cells travel through capillaries in single file
-Exchange of gases, nutrients, and wastes through diffusion

Question 49

Atherosclerosis

Answer 49

-Arteries become narrowed
-Cuts down flow of blood through the vessels
-Rough surfaces on the artery lining can cause clots or stroke
-Plaque in your arteries and capillaries

Question 50

Stroke

Answer 50

Blocked off leaking artery in your brain

Question 51

Veins

Answer 51

-Return mostly deoxygenated blood to the heart (except the pulmonary vein)
-Veins have valves that help transport blood

Question 52

Varicose veins

Answer 52

-Faulty valves in veins
-Compression garments used to help

Question 53

High Blood Pressure

Answer 53

-Blood Pressure in the arteries is increased
-Damages the lining of the arteries and weakens the heart muscle

Question 54

Lymphatic System

Answer 54

-Collects fluids leaked out of the capillaries and returns them to the blood
-Returns fluid through a network of vessels and tiny bean shaped organs called lymph nodes

-Plays an important role in fighting infection

Question 55

Leukemia

Answer 55

-Form of cancer which causes bone marrow to produce too many white blood cells and crowds out red blood cells

Question 56

Anemia

Answer 56

-WHen blood cells do not have enough hemoglobin or red blood cells
-Body cells do not receive enough oxygen and develop low energy levels

Question 57

What is the most common form of cardiovascular disease?

Answer 57

High Blood Pressure