Food And Diet Flashcards
What are the functions of carbohydrates in humans?
Carbohydrates are a source of energy. Glucose is oxidised in respiration to release energy for active transport, cell division, muscle contraction and the manufacture of large biological molecules. Carbohydrates are digested your mouth and small intestine and absorbed as glucose
What are the functions of lipids in humans?
Facts and oils are an important source of energy. They are especially valuable as an energy store because they are insoluble in water. They provide isolation. They are digested in the small intestine and absorbed as fatty acids and glycerol.
What are the functions of proteins in humans?
They are catalysts, transport molecules, structural Materials, hormones, and they defend against disease. They are digested in the stomach and small intestine and absorbed as amino acids
What is a source of vitamin A and what are the symptoms of its deficiency?
It is found in liver, Dairy products, and eggs. The system of deficiency is poor night vision.
What is a source of vitamin D and what are the symptoms of its deficiency?
It can be found in liver, dairy products, eggs and fish liver oil. It’s symptoms of deficiency are Ricketts (bones are soft and may bend, because the vitamin di is needed for absorption of calcium).
What is a source of vitamins C and what are the symptoms of its deficiency?
It can be found in cherries, citrus fruits and fresh green leafy vegetables. It symptoms of deficiency is scurvy (production of fibres in the body is affected, wounds won’t heal as well)
What is a good source of iron and what are the symptoms of its deficiency?
I can be found in red meat, liver, some leafy vegetables e.g. spinach. Its symptom of deficiency is Anaemia (iron is needed to produce haemoglobin for the red blood cells, a shortage causes weakness as oxygen is needed for respiration)
What is a good source of calcium and what are the symptoms of its deficiency?
Dairy products such as milk, cheese and fish. The symptoms of its deficiency are weak bones and teeth, poor clotting of blood, and rickets.
Define nutrition.
Nutrition is that taking in of nutrients which are organic substances and mineral ions, containing raw materials or energy for growth and tissue repair, absorbing and assimilating them.
What are the elements that make up carbohydrates?
Carbon, oxygen and hydrogen.
What are the elements that make up fats?
Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
What are the elements that make up proteins?
Proteins are long chains of amino acids. Therefore they contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. (Sometimes sulphur)
Describe the synthesis of starch and glycogen.
Glucose is a simple sugar (monosaccharide) and joins up into a long chain polysaccharide called starch.
Describe the synthesis of proteins.
Proteins are formed by amino acids combining into long chains.
Describe the synthesis of fats.
Fats are formed from fatty acids and glycerol.
What are the principal sources of carbohydrates?
Rice, potatoes, wheat and other cereal grains.
What are the principal sources of fats?
Meet and animal foods are rich in saturated fats and cholesterol, plant sources such as sunflower and soya are rich in unsaturated fats.
What are the principal sources of proteins?
Meat, fish, Eggs, beans.
What is a main source of fibre, and its importance in the body
Fibre is mainly cellulose from plant cell walls and is common in fresh vegetables and cereals. It may provide some energy but mainly serves to aid faeces formation and prevent constipation.
What are the 4 purposes of water in the diet?
Water is required as a solvent, a transport medium, a substrate in digestive reactions and for lubrication.
What other purposes of carbohydrates in the diet?
Principally as an energy source. It is oxidised in respiration to release energy for active transport, synthesis of macromolecules, cell division and muscle contraction.
Define a balanced diet.
A balanced diet provides all the nutrients, in the correct amount, needed to carry out the light processes.
In a balanced diet what proportions should, protein and carbohydrate be in?
1/7 fat, 1/7 protein and 5/7 carbohydrate.
When may a person need to have more daily energy in their diet?
Males tend to need more energy than females. Active people tend to need more energy than non-active people.
Define malnutrition.
Malnutrition is when the body does not get the right amount of the vitamins, minerals and other nutrients it needs to maintain healthy tissues and organ function.
How has modern agricultural machinery resulted in increased food production?
The machinery allows us to process more food faster and more efficiently.
How has chemical fertilisers resulted in increased food production?
Development of NPK fertilisers has allowed farmers to increase plant growth and to increase their yield.
How have pesticides/herbicides resulted in increased food production?
Development of new pesticides/herbicides mean less destruction of crops by pests/vegetation.
What other benefits and health hazards of using flavourings in food?
I can add or enhance flavour to foods by stimulating the taste buds
What are the problems which contributes famine?
Unequal distribution of food, food, droughts and flooding, and increasing population.
What are the bonds called in a protein?
Peptide Bond
How are proteins formed?
Amino acids form polypeptides chains which are proteins, in a condensation reaction.
What is the monosaccharide carbohydrate called?
Glucose
What is the disaccharide carbohydrate called?
Maltose
What are the polysaccharide carbohydrates called?
Starch and glycogen
What are the bonds called in a carbohydrate?
Glycosidic bond
What is the term given to when monomers reacts to create polymers?
Condensation
What is the term given to when polymers reacts to create monomers?
Hydrolysis
How are lipids formed?
Glycerol and three fatty acids reacts to form a triglyceride.
