Food And Diet

Question 1

What are the functions of carbohydrates in humans?

Answer 1

Carbohydrates are a source of energy. Glucose is oxidised in respiration to release energy for active transport, cell division, muscle contraction and the manufacture of large biological molecules. Carbohydrates are digested your mouth and small intestine and absorbed as glucose

Question 2

What are the functions of lipids in humans?

Answer 2

Facts and oils are an important source of energy. They are especially valuable as an energy store because they are insoluble in water. They provide isolation. They are digested in the small intestine and absorbed as fatty acids and glycerol.

Question 3

What are the functions of proteins in humans?

Answer 3

They are catalysts, transport molecules, structural Materials, hormones, and they defend against disease. They are digested in the stomach and small intestine and absorbed as amino acids

Question 4

What is a source of vitamin A and what are the symptoms of its deficiency?

Answer 4

It is found in liver, Dairy products, and eggs. The system of deficiency is poor night vision.

Question 5

What is a source of vitamin D and what are the symptoms of its deficiency?

Answer 5

It can be found in liver, dairy products, eggs and fish liver oil. It’s symptoms of deficiency are Ricketts (bones are soft and may bend, because the vitamin di is needed for absorption of calcium).

Question 6

What is a source of vitamins C and what are the symptoms of its deficiency?

Answer 6

It can be found in cherries, citrus fruits and fresh green leafy vegetables. It symptoms of deficiency is scurvy (production of fibres in the body is affected, wounds won’t heal as well)

Question 7

What is a good source of iron and what are the symptoms of its deficiency?

Answer 7

I can be found in red meat, liver, some leafy vegetables e.g. spinach. Its symptom of deficiency is Anaemia (iron is needed to produce haemoglobin for the red blood cells, a shortage causes weakness as oxygen is needed for respiration)

Question 8

What is a good source of calcium and what are the symptoms of its deficiency?

Answer 8

Dairy products such as milk, cheese and fish. The symptoms of its deficiency are weak bones and teeth, poor clotting of blood, and rickets.

Question 9

Define nutrition.

Answer 9

Nutrition is that taking in of nutrients which are organic substances and mineral ions, containing raw materials or energy for growth and tissue repair, absorbing and assimilating them.

Question 10

What are the elements that make up carbohydrates?

Answer 10

Carbon, oxygen and hydrogen.

Question 11

What are the elements that make up fats?

Answer 11

Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.

Question 12

What are the elements that make up proteins?

Answer 12

Proteins are long chains of amino acids. Therefore they contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. (Sometimes sulphur)

Question 13

Describe the synthesis of starch and glycogen.

Answer 13

Glucose is a simple sugar (monosaccharide) and joins up into a long chain polysaccharide called starch.

Question 14

Describe the synthesis of proteins.

Answer 14

Proteins are formed by amino acids combining into long chains.

Question 15

Describe the synthesis of fats.

Answer 15

Fats are formed from fatty acids and glycerol.

Question 16

What are the principal sources of carbohydrates?

Answer 16

Rice, potatoes, wheat and other cereal grains.

Question 17

What are the principal sources of fats?

Answer 17

Meet and animal foods are rich in saturated fats and cholesterol, plant sources such as sunflower and soya are rich in unsaturated fats.

Question 18

What are the principal sources of proteins?

Answer 18

Meat, fish, Eggs, beans.

Question 19

What is a main source of fibre, and its importance in the body

Answer 19

Fibre is mainly cellulose from plant cell walls and is common in fresh vegetables and cereals. It may provide some energy but mainly serves to aid faeces formation and prevent constipation.

Question 20

What are the 4 purposes of water in the diet?

Answer 20

Water is required as a solvent, a transport medium, a substrate in digestive reactions and for lubrication.

Question 21

What other purposes of carbohydrates in the diet?

Answer 21

Principally as an energy source. It is oxidised in respiration to release energy for active transport, synthesis of macromolecules, cell division and muscle contraction.

Question 22

Define a balanced diet.

Answer 22

A balanced diet provides all the nutrients, in the correct amount, needed to carry out the light processes.

Question 23

In a balanced diet what proportions should, protein and carbohydrate be in?

Answer 23

1/7 fat, 1/7 protein and 5/7 carbohydrate.

Question 24

When may a person need to have more daily energy in their diet?

Answer 24

Males tend to need more energy than females. Active people tend to need more energy than non-active people.

Question 25

Define malnutrition.

Answer 25

Malnutrition is when the body does not get the right amount of the vitamins, minerals and other nutrients it needs to maintain healthy tissues and organ function.

Question 26

How has modern agricultural machinery resulted in increased food production?

Answer 26

The machinery allows us to process more food faster and more efficiently.

Question 27

How has chemical fertilisers resulted in increased food production?

Answer 27

Development of NPK fertilisers has allowed farmers to increase plant growth and to increase their yield.

Question 28

How have pesticides/herbicides resulted in increased food production?

Answer 28

Development of new pesticides/herbicides mean less destruction of crops by pests/vegetation.

Question 29

What other benefits and health hazards of using flavourings in food?

Answer 29

I can add or enhance flavour to foods by stimulating the taste buds

Question 30

What are the problems which contributes famine?

Answer 30

Unequal distribution of food, food, droughts and flooding, and increasing population.

Question 31

What are the bonds called in a protein?

Answer 31

Peptide Bond

Question 32

How are proteins formed?

Answer 32

Amino acids form polypeptides chains which are proteins, in a condensation reaction.

Question 33

What is the monosaccharide carbohydrate called?

Answer 33

Glucose

Question 34

What is the disaccharide carbohydrate called?

Answer 34

Maltose

Question 35

What are the polysaccharide carbohydrates called?

Answer 35

Starch and glycogen

Question 36

What are the bonds called in a carbohydrate?

Answer 36

Glycosidic bond

Question 37

What is the term given to when monomers reacts to create polymers?

Answer 37

Condensation

Question 38

What is the term given to when polymers reacts to create monomers?

Answer 38

Hydrolysis

Question 39

How are lipids formed?

Answer 39

Glycerol and three fatty acids reacts to form a triglyceride.