F322: Halogenoalkanes And Modern Analytical Techniques

Question 0

Hydrolysis of halogenoalkanes

Type of reaction, condition, solvent, reagent

Answer 0

Nucleophilic substitution
Condition: heat
Solvent: water
Reagent: NaOH (alkali) to provide the nucleophile, OH-

Question 1

Nucleophile

Answer 1

Electron pair donor

Question 2

Infared spectroscopy

Answer 2

The absorption of infrared radiation causes covalent bonds to vibrate

Question 3

Everyday uses of IR

Answer 3

Monitoring/measuring air pollutants

Question 4

4 uses of mass spectrometry

Answer 4

1. Determine relative isotopic masses which can be used to calculate relative atomic mass.
2. Identify presence of elements/environmental pollutants
3. Identify relative molecular masses of organic molecules
4. Identify structures in organic molecules using the mass of fragment ions eg. 15 for CH3+, 17 for OH+