4.1.3- Carboxylic Acids and Esters Flashcards
What is the condition for esterification
Concentrated sulphuric acid catalyst, reflux
What type of reaction is esterification
Condensation
Which way of producing esters has a greater yield
Using acid anhydrides as the alternative with carboxylic acids forms a reversible reaction.
What is a hydrolysis reaction
Hydrolysis is the breakdown of a compound by reaction with water or hydroxide ions.
What are the conditions for the acid hydrolysis of esters
Heat under reflux with dilute H2SO4/HCl
What are the conditions for the alkaline hydrolysis of esters
Heat under reflux with aqueous alkali eg. NaOH
Which out of the two methods for hydrolysis of esters forms an irreversible reaction
Alkaline hydrolysis
Give 2 uses if esters
- Perfumes
2. Flavourings
What is a triglyceride
A triester of glycerol (propane-1,2,3-triol) and fatty acids
What are fatty acids
Long chain carboxylic acids
Why does each number represent in the shorthand notation for fatty acids
A:B (x,y…)
A- number of carbon atoms
B- number of double bonds
X,y…- position of double bonds
Which type of unsaturated fatty acid is thought to be bad for health and why
Trans-fats, as they behave like saturated fat in the body, they increase low density lipoproteins (LDLs) which transport cholesterol in the blood and also decrease high density lipoproteins (HDLs) which transport cholesterol out of the blood.
Why is increased cholesterol bad for health
Bad cholesterol deposits into artery walls, restricting blood flow, leading to increased risk of coronary heart disease/strokes.
Name the process for making biodiesel
Transesterification
What is the general reaction for forming biodiesel and the condition.
Triglyceride + methanol/ethanol -> biodiesel + glycerol
Conditions: NaOH catalyst
