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Physical Dysfunction Principles & Techniques > Finish Strong Final Exam - Chapter 21 > Flashcards

Finish Strong Final Exam - Chapter 21 Flashcards

1
Q

Approach based on the use of sensory stimulation to effect motor responses.

A

Rood Approach- Named for Margaret S. Rood

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2
Q

PNF stands for what?

A

Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Approach

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3
Q

NDT stands for what?

A

Neurodevelopmental Treatment Approach

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4
Q

What are the basic assumptions of Rood’s theory?

A
  1. Normal muscle tone is a prerequisite to movement
  2. Treatment begins at the developmental level of functioning
  3. Motivation enhances purposeful movement
  4. Reputition is necessary for the reeducation of muscular responses
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5
Q

What are Rood’s 4 general principles in the treatment of neuromuscular dysfunction?

A
  1. Reflexes can be used to assist or retard the effects of sensory stimulation
  2. Sensory stimulation of receptors can produce predictable responses
  3. Muscles have different duties
  4. Heavy-work muscles should be integrated before light-work muscles
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6
Q

What are Rood’s proposed 4 sequential phases related to the development of motor control?

A
  1. Reciprocal inhibition (innervation)
  2. Co-contraction
  3. Heavy work
  4. Skill
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7
Q

The muscle acting on one side of a joint (agonist) contracts while it’s opposite (antagonist) relaxes. An example is an infant who randomly flexes and extends their arms and legs.

A

Reciprocal inhibition (Innervation)

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8
Q

This occurs when opposing muscles contract simultaneously, resulting in stabilization of the joint

A

co-contraction

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9
Q

Defined as mobility on stability. In this phase the proximal muscles move and the distal segments are fixed

A

heavy work

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10
Q

This is the highest level of control and combines the efforts of mobility and stability

A

Skill

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11
Q

Specific sequence of motor development that patient goes through (8 motor patterns)

A

ontogenic motor patterns

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12
Q

What are the 8 ontogenic motor patterns?

A
  1. Supine Withdrawal
  2. Roll Over
  3. Pivot Prone
  4. Neck Co-contraction
  5. On Elbows
  6. All Fours
  7. Static Standing
  8. Walking
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13
Q

What is supine withdrawal?

A

Supine flexion- toward the navel

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14
Q

What is roll over?

A

Toward side-lying (arm and leg flex on same side of body)

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15
Q

What is pivot prone?

A

Prone extension (Full extension of neck, shoulders, trunk, and LE’s)

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16
Q

What is neck co-contraction?

A

Co-innervation- First real stability pattern used for head control and stability of the neck

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17
Q

What is on elbows?

A

prone on elbow

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18
Q

What is all fours?

A

quadruped position

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19
Q

This is applied to the skin in the form of light-moving touch, fast brushing, or icing are examples of this:

A

cutaneous stimulation

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20
Q

This is a thermal stimulus that can be powerful and unpredictable.

A

icing

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21
Q

Refers to facilitation of joint and muscle receptors and the vestibular system is what?

A

Proprioceptive stimulation

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22
Q

What are some proprioceptive stimulation techniques?

A 
Heavy joint compression
Quick stretch
Tapping
Vestibular Stimulation
Vibration
Neutral Warmth
Light Joint Compression
Elongated position
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23
Q

If patient has severe neurologic damage, treatment should start with what?

A

reflexive movements

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24
Q

Movement therapy is what treatment approach?

A

Brunnstrom Approach

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25
Q

Brunnstrom Approach is most often used in the treatment of what?

A

Hemiplegia

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26
Q

What is “evolution in reverse”?

A

Damaged CNS regresses to former patterns of movement like limb synergies and primitive reflexes.

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27
Q

Gross patterns of limb flexion and extension where muscles act as a bound unit in primitive and stereotypical manner

A

limb synergies

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28
Q

This type of synergy consists of scapular adduction and elevation, shoulder abduction and external rotation, elbow flexion, forearm supination, wrist flexion, and finger flexion

A

flexor synergy of the UE

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29
Q

This type of synergy consists of hip flexion, abduction, and external rotation; knee flexion; ankle dorsiflexion and inversion; and toe extension

A

flexor synergy of the LE

30
Q

This type of synergy consists of scapular abduction and depression, shoulder adduction and internal rotation, elbow extension, forearm pronation, and wrist and finger flexion or extension

A

extensor synergy of the UE

31
Q

This type of synergy consists of hip abduction, extension, and internal rotation; knee extension; ankle plantar flexion and inversion; toe flexion

A

extensor synergy of the LE

32
Q

Hypertonicity in flexor synergy of the UE is usually greatest in what? Least in what?

A

Greatest: Elbow flexion
Least: shoulder abduction and external rotation

33
Q

Hypertonicity in extensor synergy of the UE is usually greatest in what? Least in what?

A

Greatest: Shoulder adduction and internal rotation
Least: elbow extension

34
Q

Highest tone in flexor synergy of the LE is usually what? Lowest tone in what?

A

Highest: hip flexion
Lowest: hip abduction and external rotation

35
Q

Hypertonicity in extensor synergy of the LE is usually greatest in what? Least in what?

A

Greatest: Hip abduction, knee extension, and ankle plantar flexion
Least: hip extension and internal rotation

36
Q

How many recovery steps or stages are there in Brunnstrom’s motor recovery after a CVA?

A

6

37
Q

T/F Progression through Recovery Steps works from proximal to distal and gross to fine motor.

A

True

38
Q

Movements seen on the hemiplegic side in response to forceful movements on the normal side

A

Associated reactions

39
Q

ATNR

A

Asymmetrical tonic neck reflex- arm and leg flex on side face is turned toward and other arm and leg extend

40
Q

STNR

A

Symmetrical tonic neck reflex- flexion of neck causes extension of arms and flexion of legs

41
Q

These types of approaches use mass movement patterns that resemble normal movement during functional activities

A

PNF approaches

42
Q

Mass movement patterns observed in most functional activities used in PNF approach are what?

A

Diagonal patterns

43
Q

T/F Establishing a balance between antagonists is a main objective of PNF

A

True

44
Q

In order to achieve motor learning, ______ _______ should be brief and clear. Timing is also important

A

verbal commands

45
Q

PNF evaluation follows a sequence from proximal to distal. Special attention is given to what?

A

Muscle tone, alignment (midline or shift to one side), and stability/mobility

46
Q

Treatment techniques used in PNF approach are what?

A

Diagonal patterns, total patterns, and facilitation techniques

47
Q

For hand-to-mouth motion in feeding, or combing hair on left side of head with right hand, you would be using which diagonal pattern?

A

UE D1 flexion

48
Q

For pushing car door open from inside, you would be using which diagonal pattern?

A

UE D1 extension

49
Q

For combing hair on right side of head with right hand, or swimming the backstroke, which diagonal pattern would be used?

A

UE D2 flexion

50
Q

For pitching baseball, buttoning pants on left side with right hand, which diagonal pattern would be used?

A

UE D2 extension

51
Q

When paired extremities perform like movements at the same time (reaching to lift large item off high shelf), it is what kind of pattern?

A

Symmetrical pattern

52
Q

When paired extremities perform movements toward one side of the body at the same time (zipping a left-sided skirt zipper)

A

asymmetrical pattern

53
Q

When paired extremities perform movements in opposite directions at the same time (walking on a balance beam, one arm up and one arm down for stability)

A

reciprocal patterns

54
Q

In PNF, developmental postures are called what?

A

Total patterns of movement

55
Q

Besides verbal commands and visual cues, other common procedures in PNF techniques include what?

A

Manual contact, stretch, traction, and approximation

56
Q

Refers to the placement of the clinician’s hands on the patient

A

manual contact

57
Q

Used to initiate voluntary movement and enhance speed of response and strength in weak muscles

A

stretch

58
Q

Facilitates the joint receptors by separating the joint surfaces

A

traction

59
Q

Facilitates joint receptors by creating a compression of joint surfaces

A

approximation

60
Q

Technique based on the assumption that reputition of an activity is necessary for motor learning and helps develop strength, ROM, and endurance

A

repeated contraction

61
Q

Used to improve the ability to initiate movement, a problem seen in patients with Parkinson’s disease or apraxia

A

rhythmic initiation

62
Q

Two examples of PNF relaxation techniques are:

A
  1. contract-relax techniques

2. hold-relax techniques (involve isometric contraction)

63
Q

NDT is most often used to treat what?

A

Children with CP and Adult hemiplegia

64
Q

NDT is also known as what approach?

A

Bobath Approach

65
Q

T/F with NDT, patients are taught compensatory techniques

A

False- Compensatory techniques may lead to overuse of uninvolved side and underuse of involved side. It will ultimately interfere with functional recovery

66
Q

Normal: When patient attempts to move the weak side and the strong side responds by making the same movement

A

Associated movements

67
Q

Patient moves using compensatory movements or movements influenced by abnormal synergy patterns. These are abnormal and should be avoided.

A

Associated reactions

68
Q

The goal of this approach is to normalize tone, inhibit primitive patterns of movement, and facilitate automatic, voluntary reactions and subsequent normal movement patterns

A

NDT approach

69
Q

Increasing abnormally low tone is done through

A

facilitation techniques

70
Q

Reducing abnormally high tone is done through

A

inhibition techniques

71
Q

According to Bobath, normalization of muscle tone can be accomplished through one or more of these techniques:

A
  1. Weight bearing over the affected side
  2. Trunk rotation
  3. Scapular protraction
  4. Anterior pelvic tilt/forward positioning of pelvis
  5. Facilitation of slow, controlled movement
  6. Proper positioning
  7. Incorporating the UE into activities

Physical Dysfunction Principles & Techniques (24 decks)

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