Exam 3: Chapter 10 PD Book

Question 1

_________ _________ is the acquisition of motor skills.

Answer 1

Motor Learning

Question 2

________ ________ involves mastering movements or techniques.

Answer 2

Procedural Learning

Question 3

______ ______ depends more on memory and other analytic skills and refers to the descriptive sequencing of events.

Answer 3

Declarative learning

Question 4

Often tasks are learned in ________ learning and later become __________ learning.

Answer 4

Declarative, Procedural

Question 5

_______ feedback is from an outside source. An example is from OT practitioner or outside device.

Answer 5

Extrinsic

Question 6

_______ feedback is from an inside source. An example is from ones sensory receptors.

Answer 6

Intrinsic

Question 7

_________ takes place within the learner and can be defined as the acquisition of skills or information that changes a persons behavior, attitudes, insights, or perceptions.

Answer 7

Learning

Question 8

A _____ is a purposeful activity that is the common ground between the fields of motor learning and OT.

Answer 8

Task

Question 9

Transfer of Learning takes place when….?

Answer 9

Generalization or transfer of learning occurs more reliably with practice in different contexts.

Question 10

Practitioners use ________ or ________ to help clients see the desired action.

Answer 10

modeling or demonstration

Question 11

Research shows _____________ is the most effective when it is given before the client practices the skill in the early stages of skill acquisition.

Answer 11

Demonstration

Question 12

_______________ should be given throughout the practice as needed but should not be accompanied by verbal commentary.

Answer 12

Demonstration

Question 13

__________ ________ should be brief, highlight the main cues, and be carefully timed.

Answer 13

Verbal instructions

Question 14

Practitioners may benefit from practicing limiting _______ ________, especially when the client is performing the movement.

Answer 14

Verbal instructions or Ques

Question 15

The learner receives _______ _______ as a natural consequence of performing the task.

Answer 15

Intrinsic Feedback

Question 16

__________ _________ arises from sensory stimulation to tactile receptors, proprioceptors, and visual and vestibular systems while performing the task.

Answer 16

Intrinsic Feedback

Question 17

Feedback about performance from an outside source such as OT practitioner or a mechanical device is called ________ _________.

Answer 17

Extrinsic Feedback

Question 18

_______ ________ involves repeated performance of the same motor skill.

Answer 18

Blocked Practice

Question 19

An example of _______ _______ is the client is asked to pick up a cup from the left side and place it on a saucer on the right side of the a table. The client needs to solves the motor problem only once or twice and then repeat the same motor skill over and over again.

Answer 19

Blocked Practice

Question 20

In ______ ________ no opportunity exists for alternative activities and the reformulation of the solution to the motor problem, a process that enhances long-term learning and retention.

Answer 20

Blocked Practice

Question 21

________ _______ involves not only repetition of the same motor patterns but also the formulation of plans to solves motor problems.

Answer 21

Random Practice

Question 22

During _______ _______ practice session, learning may not be as rapid as with the repetitive or blocked practice. However, the repeated regeneration of the solution to motor problems has been shown to be more beneficial to retention.

Answer 22

Random Practice

Question 23

The stages of Motor learning are the following:
1.
2.
3.

Answer 23

1. skill acquisition
2. skill refinement
3. skill retention

Question 24

As the client moves to a _____ _________ stage, he or she demonstrates improved performance, few and less significant errors, and increased consistency and efficiency of the movement.

Answer 24

Skill Refinement

Question 25

A __________ ___________ __________ includes delays (or breaks) between sessions. for example, clients may receive training one or two times a week as would be the norm in a fixed home program or fixed outpatient program.

Answer 25

Distributed practice scheadule

Question 26

During the _______ ___________ stage, clients can perform movement and achieve functional goals, A random practice schedule is most effective at this stage, which empowers clients to practice at their own pace.

Answer 26

Skill Retention Stage

Question 27

During the _________ ________ stage the client understands the idea of the movement but has not learned it.

Answer 27

Skill Acquisition stage

Question 28

Simple and discrete task are usually learned best through ________ _________.

Answer 28

Whole learning

Question 29

Teaching tasks in steps is called?

Answer 29

Progressive-part learning.

Question 30

True or False Effective teachers are enthusiastic about the learning content, positive, realistic, accepting, empathetic, and nonjudgmental toward the learners.

Answer 30

True

Question 31

_____________ _________ and _______ protocols, analogous to lesson plans, are designed to include problems, goals, teaching methods, and ways to evaluate intervention outcomes.

Answer 31

Intervention Plans, and Group

Question 32

Several types of groups including decision making, discovery, and instructional groups are typical in psychosocial and developmental settings. ___________ __________ are often used in physical dysfunction settings.

Answer 32

Intervention programs

Question 33

The occupational therapist is responsible for planning and intervention or instruction after assessing the learner. Specific learning or intervention objectives are written with the client and the family's input. Instructional tasks are planned and methods of instruction to suit the learner are designed. The practitioner determines the most appropriate learning environment to foster the client's learning. This is called ___________ of ____________ Plan

Answer 33

Design of Teaching Plan

Question 34

True or False Clients perform better and make more significant gains when intervention activities are meaningful to them and occupation -based.

Answer 34

True

Question 35

__________ and refers to the structuring the instruction and the practice so that learners can progress at their own speed.

Answer 35

Pacing

Question 36

Learning is __________ in complexity from simple to complex. simple tasks are taught as a whole movement activity.

Answer 36

Graded

Question 37

True or False In designing the learning experience, the practitioner analyzes the activity and breaks it down into its components steps.

Answer 37

True

Question 38

True or False One of the primary principles of OT is for the client to participate actively in the intervention process.

Answer 38

True

Question 39

True or False Active participation and repetition are not part of the intervention process.

Answer 39

False

Question 40

__________ and reinforcement are closely connected. confirmation or successful responses encourage the person to continue learning.

Answer 40

Feedback

Question 41

__________ is an opportunity for the occupational therapist or OTA to receive feedback from the learner.

Answer 41

Evaluation

Question 42

When using verbal instruction, the clinician gives instructions for the client to carry out. This is called what?

Answer 42

Teaching through the auditory system: verbal instructions

Question 43

Demonstration an activity while giving verbal instruction can enhance learning significantly. This is called?

Answer 43

Teaching through the visual and auditory systems: verbal instruction and demonstration

Question 44

For clients who have difficulty following verbal and demonstrative instructions, the practitioner may have success using tactile, proprioceptive, or movement stimuli to cue the client. The clinician any choose to provide no verbal guidance or to use short, simple commands. Some demonstration may also be appropriate. The practitioner may say, "brush your hair" and touch the clients hand and move the hand to the hairbrush. This is an example of

Answer 44

Teaching through the somatosensory and vestibular systems: touch proprioception, and motion