Exam 3: Chapter 10 PD Book Flashcards
_________ _________ is the acquisition of motor skills.
Motor Learning
________ ________ involves mastering movements or techniques.
Procedural Learning
______ ______ depends more on memory and other analytic skills and refers to the descriptive sequencing of events.
Declarative learning
Often tasks are learned in ________ learning and later become __________ learning.
Declarative, Procedural
_______ feedback is from an outside source. An example is from OT practitioner or outside device.
Extrinsic
_______ feedback is from an inside source. An example is from ones sensory receptors.
Intrinsic
_________ takes place within the learner and can be defined as the acquisition of skills or information that changes a persons behavior, attitudes, insights, or perceptions.
Learning
A _____ is a purposeful activity that is the common ground between the fields of motor learning and OT.
Task
Transfer of Learning takes place when….?
Generalization or transfer of learning occurs more reliably with practice in different contexts.
Practitioners use ________ or ________ to help clients see the desired action.
modeling or demonstration
Research shows _____________ is the most effective when it is given before the client practices the skill in the early stages of skill acquisition.
Demonstration
_______________ should be given throughout the practice as needed but should not be accompanied by verbal commentary.
Demonstration
__________ ________ should be brief, highlight the main cues, and be carefully timed.
Verbal instructions
Practitioners may benefit from practicing limiting _______ ________, especially when the client is performing the movement.
Verbal instructions or Ques
The learner receives _______ _______ as a natural consequence of performing the task.
Intrinsic Feedback
__________ _________ arises from sensory stimulation to tactile receptors, proprioceptors, and visual and vestibular systems while performing the task.
Intrinsic Feedback
Feedback about performance from an outside source such as OT practitioner or a mechanical device is called ________ _________.
Extrinsic Feedback
_______ ________ involves repeated performance of the same motor skill.
Blocked Practice
An example of _______ _______ is the client is asked to pick up a cup from the left side and place it on a saucer on the right side of the a table. The client needs to solves the motor problem only once or twice and then repeat the same motor skill over and over again.
Blocked Practice
In ______ ________ no opportunity exists for alternative activities and the reformulation of the solution to the motor problem, a process that enhances long-term learning and retention.
Blocked Practice
________ _______ involves not only repetition of the same motor patterns but also the formulation of plans to solves motor problems.
Random Practice
During _______ _______ practice session, learning may not be as rapid as with the repetitive or blocked practice. However, the repeated regeneration of the solution to motor problems has been shown to be more beneficial to retention.
Random Practice
The stages of Motor learning are the following:
1.
2.
3.
- skill acquisition
- skill refinement
- skill retention
As the client moves to a _____ _________ stage, he or she demonstrates improved performance, few and less significant errors, and increased consistency and efficiency of the movement.
Skill Refinement
A __________ ___________ __________ includes delays (or breaks) between sessions. for example, clients may receive training one or two times a week as would be the norm in a fixed home program or fixed outpatient program.
Distributed practice scheadule
During the _______ ___________ stage, clients can perform movement and achieve functional goals, A random practice schedule is most effective at this stage, which empowers clients to practice at their own pace.
Skill Retention Stage
During the _________ ________ stage the client understands the idea of the movement but has not learned it.
Skill Acquisition stage
Simple and discrete task are usually learned best through ________ _________.
Whole learning
Teaching tasks in steps is called?
Progressive-part learning.
True or False
Effective teachers are enthusiastic about the learning content, positive, realistic, accepting, empathetic, and nonjudgmental toward the learners.
True
_____________ _________ and _______ protocols, analogous to lesson plans, are designed to include problems, goals, teaching methods, and ways to evaluate intervention outcomes.
Intervention Plans, and Group
Several types of groups including decision making, discovery, and instructional groups are typical in psychosocial and developmental settings. ___________ __________ are often used in physical dysfunction settings.
Intervention programs
The occupational therapist is responsible for planning and intervention or instruction after assessing the learner. Specific learning or intervention objectives are written with the client and the family’s input. Instructional tasks are planned and methods of instruction to suit the learner are designed. The practitioner determines the most appropriate learning environment to foster the client’s learning. This is called ___________ of ____________ Plan
Design of Teaching Plan
True or False
Clients perform better and make more significant gains when intervention activities are meaningful to them and occupation -based.
True
__________ and refers to the structuring the instruction and the practice so that learners can progress at their own speed.
Pacing
Learning is __________ in complexity from simple to complex. simple tasks are taught as a whole movement activity.
Graded
True or False
In designing the learning experience, the practitioner analyzes the activity and breaks it down into its components steps.
True
True or False
One of the primary principles of OT is for the client to participate actively in the intervention process.
True
True or False
Active participation and repetition are not part of the intervention process.
False
__________ and reinforcement are closely connected. confirmation or successful responses encourage the person to continue learning.
Feedback
__________ is an opportunity for the occupational therapist or OTA to receive feedback from the learner.
Evaluation
When using verbal instruction, the clinician gives instructions for the client to carry out. This is called what?
Teaching through the auditory system: verbal instructions
Demonstration an activity while giving verbal instruction can enhance learning significantly. This is called?
Teaching through the visual and auditory systems: verbal instruction and demonstration
For clients who have difficulty following verbal and demonstrative instructions, the practitioner may have success using tactile, proprioceptive, or movement stimuli to cue the client. The clinician any choose to provide no verbal guidance or to use short, simple commands. Some demonstration may also be appropriate. The practitioner may say, “brush your hair” and touch the clients hand and move the hand to the hairbrush. This is an example of
Teaching through the somatosensory and vestibular systems: touch proprioception, and motion
