Exam 2- PD Ch 8 Flashcards
Whether the OT and the OTA can perform the same assessments or tests in the same manner and achieve the same results.
Service Competency
If a pt has this muscle grade, they can perform all ordinary ADL without undue fatigue
Good (G) to Normal (N)
If a pt has this muscle grade, they usually have low endurance and fatigue more easily than one with G or N strength. Can perform ADL independently but may require frequent rest periods.
Fair plus (F+)
Pt with this muscle grade can move parts against gravity and perform light tasks that present little or no resistance.
Fair (F)
For every day of hospitalization, ____ days are necessary to recondition back to prehospitalization status.
3
If a pt has this muscle grade, the pt can perform some ADL with mechanical assistance, and ROM can be maintained independently. Considered below functional range
Poor (P)
If muscle tone in lower extremeties is only F, ________ is not possible.
ambulation
Pt with these 2 muscle grades are completely dependent and can perform ADL only with the aid of externally powered devices.
Trace (T) and zero (0)
Purposes of evaluating muscle strength are:
- Determine amt of mm power available and establish baseline for tx.
- Assess how mm weakness is limiting performance of occupation.
- Prevent deformities that can result from imbalances of strength of agonist and antagonist mm.
- Determine need for assistive devices to compensate for reduced strength.
- Aid in selection of activities within pt.’s capabilities.
- Evaluate effectiveness of tx.
When practitioner is measuring joint motion, what is the measure of the range available to that specific pt.?
PROM
T/F- PROM indicates muscle strength
F- PROM for pt. needed to assign muscle grades correctly, because pt may have normal strength, but their ROM could be limited.
Means of measuring maximal contraction of mm or muscle group.
MMT (Manual Muscle Test)
Muscle test is primary evaluation for pt with:
lower motor neuron disorders, primary muscle diseases, and orthopedic dysfunction
Criteria used to measure strength
- mm contraction
- ROM
- Resistance
The number of times mm can contract at maximum level
Muscle endurance
Smooth, rhythmic interactions of muscle function
Muscle coordination
Reasons MMT cannot be used accurately for pt.’s with spasticity
- Muscles are hypertonic
- Muscle tone and ability to perform movements are influenced by primitive reflexes and the position of the head and body in space.
- Movements tend to occur in gross synergistic patterns, which makes isolating mm action and joint movement impossible.
Detecting muscle activity by placing fingers over the muscle
Palpation
Over development of muscle
hypertrophy
Wasting away of muscle
atrophy
Movements against gravity and applied resistance are performed in what plane?
Vertical (moving up)
Graded manual resistance is used with which muscle grades?
Fair plus (F+) to Normal (N)
Tests for weaker muscles (0, T, P, and P-) are often performed in what plane?
Horizontal (moving sideways)
When testing weaker muscles in the horizontal plane, it is called ______ ______, which reduces the resistance to muscle power by eliminating the effect of gravity
gravity eliminated
