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Physical Dysfunction Principles & Techniques > Exam 2 - PD - Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Exam 2 - PD - Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

____ control is required to perform tasks and activities necessary for independence and life fulfillment.

A

motor

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2
Q

_____ control is necessary for a person to function independently during occupational performance tasks.

A

motor

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3
Q

The ability to regulate or direct movement

A

motor control

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4
Q

Information is relayed to the _______ to organize the musculoskeletal system and create coordinated movements and skilled actions.

A

central nervous system

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5
Q

Movement involves these these 5 things

A 
Perception
Motor Planning
Motor Execution
Feedback
Biomechanics
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6
Q

Making sense of input

A

perception

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7
Q

processing input

A

motor planning

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8
Q

carrying out movement

A

motor execution

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9
Q

relationship of muscles and joints to each other

A

biomechanics

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10
Q

When an insult to the CNS occurs or a progressive, neurologic disease develops, ______ is affected.

A

motor control

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11
Q

This theory says that movement is a function of interactions among the neuromuscular system, environment, cognition, and the task itself.

A

dynamical systems theory

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12
Q

This system includes the nervous system, muscular system, and skeletal systems, which interact to influence and produce movement.

A

neuromusculoskeletal

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13
Q

When examining the neuromusculoskeletal system, practitioners evaluate these three things

A

Physical appearance
Postural mechanism
Coordination

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14
Q

These mechanisms include postural tone, muscle tone, integration of the primitive reflexes and mass patterns of movement, righting reactions, equilibrium reactions, protective extension, and selective voluntary or intentional movement.

A

postural mechanisms

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15
Q

In patients who have sustained CNS damage secondary to a CVA or traumatic brain injury, the normal ______ mechanism is disrupted

A

postural

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16
Q

OT practitioners assess the degree of _____ to the postural mechanism in patients with CNS trauma or disease.

A

damage

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17
Q

This refers to muscle tension in the neck, trunk and limbs.

A

Postural tone

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18
Q

Postural tone must be high enough to resist _______, thus enabling persons to be upright against ______ yet low enough to allow _______.

A

gravity, gravity and movement

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19
Q

Abnormal muscle tone may be too low, resulting in poor ________ or too high, resulting in _______

A

stability, rigidity

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20
Q

This is a continuous state of mild contraction, or state of readiness of a specific muscle.

A

normal muscle tone

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21
Q

Muscle tone is the resting state of a muscle in response to ___ and _________.

A

gravity and emotion

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22
Q

The level and distribution of muscle tone change as the ___ changes

A

position of the patient’s head in space

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23
Q

When it comes to muscle tone, the OT is responsible for _________.

A

evaluating muscle tone and its distribution (and how it interferes with activities)

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24
Q

Abnormal muscle tone is described as these three categories

A

hypotonicity, hypertonicity, or rigidity

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25
Q

How does a person begin to “feel” the range of muscle tone

A

practice

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26
Q

Muscle tone increases with___ or ____

A

stress, difficulty

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27
Q

This is a decrease in mucle tone

A

hypotonicity or flaccidity

28
Q

What is a symptom of flaccidity?

A

muscle feels soft and offers no resistance

29
Q

This is a state of increased muscle tone

A

jasonicity

30
Q

This is commonly defined as an increased resistance to passive stretch caused by an increased or hyperactive stretch reflex.

A

Hypertonicity or spasticity

31
Q

Loud noises, bright lights, cool temps, and bright-colored cluttered walls may stimulate

A

muscle tone

32
Q

This scale provides a uniform way to measure muscle tone in adults

A

Ashworth Tone Scale

33
Q

MODIFIED ASHWORTH SCALE FOR GRADING SPASTICITY: Give me your score: No increase in muscle tone (0-4)

34
Q

MODIFIED ASHWORTH SCALE FOR GRADING CAUSTICITY: Slight incrrease in muscle tone, manifested by a catch and release or by minimal resistance at the end of the ROM when the affected parts are moved in flexion or extension

35
Q

MODIFIED ASHWORTH SCALE FOR GRADING SPASTICITY: More marked increase in muscle tone through most of the ROM, but affected parts easily moved

36
Q

MODIFIED ASHWORTH SCALE FOR GRADING SPASTICITY: Considerable increase in muscle tone, passive movement difficult

37
Q

MODIFIED ASHWORTH SCALE FOR GRADING SPASTICITY: Affected part(s) rigid in flexion or extension

38
Q

This is an increase in muscle tone in the agonist and antagonist muscles simulatneously.

39
Q

This results from lesions of the extrapyramidial system such as in Parkinson’s disease, certain degenerative diseases, encephalitis, tumors

40
Q

TF - When asssessing ROM, move quickly, hold and wait to “feel” a release

A

F - move slowly

41
Q

TF - Never inform the client of what is happening and the process.

A

F - Always inform them

42
Q

These are innate motor responses elicited by specific sensory stimuli

43
Q

REFLEX: Response is suckling,

A

suck/swallow reflex

44
Q

REFLEX: Extension of arm and leg on face side; flexion on arm and leg on skull side

A

aymmetrical tonic neck reflex

45
Q

REFLEX - flexion of arms and extension of legs; Extension of Arms and flexion of legs

A

symmetrical tonic neck relex

46
Q

REFLEX: Extension of trunk and extremities or increased extensor postural tone

A

TLR - Tonic Labarynthine reflex

47
Q

REFLEX: Extension in leg stimulated

A

PSR - Positive Supporting Reflex

48
Q

REFLEX: Extension of opposite leg

A

Crossed extension reflex

49
Q

REFLEX: Flexion of digits into palmar grasp

A

Palmar grasp reflex

50
Q

REFLEX: Flexion of toes

A

Plantar grasp reflex

51
Q

What are used to protect the head and face when a person is off balance or falling?

A

Protective Extension Reactions

52
Q

These maintain or restore the normal position of the head in space and it’s normal relationship with the trunk and limbs.

A

Righting Reactions

53
Q

These maintain and restore a parson’s balance in all activities

A

Equilibrium reactions

54
Q

ONe of the main factors that interfere with good quality of movement

A

sensory processing difficulties

55
Q

What could help the OT practitioner understand the client’s volition for activities and his or her reaction to different environments

A

Observing clients in a variety of environments and performing a variety of activities

56
Q

The ability to control movements at each individual joint

A

selective movement

57
Q

This type of therapy helps clients regain motor functioning by promoting the USE of the AFFECTED extremity in daily activities

A

constraint-induced

58
Q

The patient can use the involved upper extremity to stabilize objects being manipulated by the uninvolved extremity

A

Minimal stabilizing assist

59
Q

The patient can use the involved upper extremity to assist actively in a single part of an activity.

A

Minimal active assist

60
Q

The patient can use the involved arm and hand in all activities that require motor control for pushing or pulling, stabilizing, and gross grasp and release

A

maximal active assist

61
Q

The patient can use the involved extremity to assist the uninvolved extremity in most occupational performance tasks, although speed and coordination may be impaired

A

Incorporation of involved upper extremity in all bilateral tasks

62
Q

This tool is used to determine the client’s ability to complete ADLs

A

Functional Independence Measure

63
Q

This is frequently considered an impairment to functional movement

A

abnormal muscle tone

64
Q

This treatment frame of reference argues that clients must achieve typical muscle tone before moving

A

neurodevelopmental treatment (NDT)

65
Q

The OT Practitioner must _______ increased muscle tone necessary for stability

A

facilitate

66
Q

For hypotonia, the OT practitioner uses inhibitive techniques to decrease the

A

abnormal muscle tone

Physical Dysfunction Principles & Techniques (24 decks)

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