Exam 2 - PD - Chapter 6

Question 1

____ control is required to perform tasks and activities necessary for independence and life fulfillment.

Answer 1

motor

Question 2

_____ control is necessary for a person to function independently during occupational performance tasks.

Answer 2

motor

Question 3

The ability to regulate or direct movement

Answer 3

motor control

Question 4

Information is relayed to the _______ to organize the musculoskeletal system and create coordinated movements and skilled actions.

Answer 4

central nervous system

Question 5

Movement involves these these 5 things

Answer 5

Perception
Motor Planning
Motor Execution
Feedback
Biomechanics

Question 6

Making sense of input

Answer 6

perception

Question 7

processing input

Answer 7

motor planning

Question 8

carrying out movement

Answer 8

motor execution

Question 9

relationship of muscles and joints to each other

Answer 9

biomechanics

Question 10

When an insult to the CNS occurs or a progressive, neurologic disease develops, ______ is affected.

Answer 10

motor control

Question 11

This theory says that movement is a function of interactions among the neuromuscular system, environment, cognition, and the task itself.

Answer 11

dynamical systems theory

Question 12

This system includes the nervous system, muscular system, and skeletal systems, which interact to influence and produce movement.

Answer 12

neuromusculoskeletal

Question 13

When examining the neuromusculoskeletal system, practitioners evaluate these three things

Answer 13

Physical appearance
Postural mechanism
Coordination

Question 14

These mechanisms include postural tone, muscle tone, integration of the primitive reflexes and mass patterns of movement, righting reactions, equilibrium reactions, protective extension, and selective voluntary or intentional movement.

Answer 14

postural mechanisms

Question 15

In patients who have sustained CNS damage secondary to a CVA or traumatic brain injury, the normal ______ mechanism is disrupted

Answer 15

postural

Question 16

OT practitioners assess the degree of _____ to the postural mechanism in patients with CNS trauma or disease.

Answer 16

damage

Question 17

This refers to muscle tension in the neck, trunk and limbs.

Answer 17

Postural tone

Question 18

Postural tone must be high enough to resist _______, thus enabling persons to be upright against ______ yet low enough to allow _______.

Answer 18

gravity, gravity and movement

Question 19

Abnormal muscle tone may be too low, resulting in poor ________ or too high, resulting in _______

Answer 19

stability, rigidity

Question 20

This is a continuous state of mild contraction, or state of readiness of a specific muscle.

Answer 20

normal muscle tone

Question 21

Muscle tone is the resting state of a muscle in response to ___ and _________.

Answer 21

gravity and emotion

Question 22

The level and distribution of muscle tone change as the ___ changes

Answer 22

position of the patient’s head in space

Question 23

When it comes to muscle tone, the OT is responsible for _________.

Answer 23

evaluating muscle tone and its distribution (and how it interferes with activities)

Question 24

Abnormal muscle tone is described as these three categories

Answer 24

hypotonicity, hypertonicity, or rigidity

Question 25

How does a person begin to "feel" the range of muscle tone

Answer 25

practice

Question 26

Muscle tone increases with___ or ____

Answer 26

stress, difficulty

Question 27

This is a decrease in mucle tone

Answer 27

hypotonicity or flaccidity

Question 28

What is a symptom of flaccidity?

Answer 28

muscle feels soft and offers no resistance

Question 29

This is a state of increased muscle tone

Answer 29

jasonicity

Question 30

This is commonly defined as an increased resistance to passive stretch caused by an increased or hyperactive stretch reflex.

Answer 30

Hypertonicity or spasticity

Question 31

Loud noises, bright lights, cool temps, and bright-colored cluttered walls may stimulate

Answer 31

muscle tone

Question 32

This scale provides a uniform way to measure muscle tone in adults

Answer 32

Ashworth Tone Scale

Question 33

MODIFIED ASHWORTH SCALE FOR GRADING SPASTICITY: Give me your score: No increase in muscle tone (0-4)

Answer 33

0

Question 34

MODIFIED ASHWORTH SCALE FOR GRADING CAUSTICITY: Slight incrrease in muscle tone, manifested by a catch and release or by minimal resistance at the end of the ROM when the affected parts are moved in flexion or extension

Answer 34

1

Question 35

MODIFIED ASHWORTH SCALE FOR GRADING SPASTICITY: More marked increase in muscle tone through most of the ROM, but affected parts easily moved

Answer 35

2

Question 36

MODIFIED ASHWORTH SCALE FOR GRADING SPASTICITY: Considerable increase in muscle tone, passive movement difficult

Answer 36

3

Question 37

MODIFIED ASHWORTH SCALE FOR GRADING SPASTICITY: Affected part(s) rigid in flexion or extension

Answer 37

4

Question 38

This is an increase in muscle tone in the agonist and antagonist muscles simulatneously.

Answer 38

rigidity

Question 39

This results from lesions of the extrapyramidial system such as in Parkinson's disease, certain degenerative diseases, encephalitis, tumors

Answer 39

rigidity

Question 40

TF - When asssessing ROM, move quickly, hold and wait to "feel" a release

Answer 40

F - move slowly

Question 41

TF - Never inform the client of what is happening and the process.

Answer 41

F - Always inform them

Question 42

These are innate motor responses elicited by specific sensory stimuli

Answer 42

reflexes

Question 43

REFLEX: Response is suckling,

Answer 43

suck/swallow reflex

Question 44

REFLEX: Extension of arm and leg on face side; flexion on arm and leg on skull side

Answer 44

aymmetrical tonic neck reflex

Question 45

REFLEX - flexion of arms and extension of legs; Extension of Arms and flexion of legs

Answer 45

symmetrical tonic neck relex

Question 46

REFLEX: Extension of trunk and extremities or increased extensor postural tone

Answer 46

TLR - Tonic Labarynthine reflex

Question 47

REFLEX: Extension in leg stimulated

Answer 47

PSR - Positive Supporting Reflex

Question 48

REFLEX: Extension of opposite leg

Answer 48

Crossed extension reflex

Question 49

REFLEX: Flexion of digits into palmar grasp

Answer 49

Palmar grasp reflex

Question 50

REFLEX: Flexion of toes

Answer 50

Plantar grasp reflex

Question 51

What are used to protect the head and face when a person is off balance or falling?

Answer 51

Protective Extension Reactions

Question 52

These maintain or restore the normal position of the head in space and it's normal relationship with the trunk and limbs.

Answer 52

Righting Reactions

Question 53

These maintain and restore a parson's balance in all activities

Answer 53

Equilibrium reactions

Question 54

ONe of the main factors that interfere with good quality of movement

Answer 54

sensory processing difficulties

Question 55

What could help the OT practitioner understand the client's volition for activities and his or her reaction to different environments

Answer 55

Observing clients in a variety of environments and performing a variety of activities

Question 56

The ability to control movements at each individual joint

Answer 56

selective movement

Question 57

This type of therapy helps clients regain motor functioning by promoting the USE of the AFFECTED extremity in daily activities

Answer 57

constraint-induced

Question 58

The patient can use the involved upper extremity to stabilize objects being manipulated by the uninvolved extremity

Answer 58

Minimal stabilizing assist

Question 59

The patient can use the involved upper extremity to assist actively in a single part of an activity.

Answer 59

Minimal active assist

Question 60

The patient can use the involved arm and hand in all activities that require motor control for pushing or pulling, stabilizing, and gross grasp and release

Answer 60

maximal active assist

Question 61

The patient can use the involved extremity to assist the uninvolved extremity in most occupational performance tasks, although speed and coordination may be impaired

Answer 61

Incorporation of involved upper extremity in all bilateral tasks

Question 62

This tool is used to determine the client's ability to complete ADLs

Answer 62

Functional Independence Measure

Question 63

This is frequently considered an impairment to functional movement

Answer 63

abnormal muscle tone

Question 64

This treatment frame of reference argues that clients must achieve typical muscle tone before moving

Answer 64

neurodevelopmental treatment (NDT)

Question 65

The OT Practitioner must _______ increased muscle tone necessary for stability

Answer 65

facilitate

Question 66

For hypotonia, the OT practitioner uses inhibitive techniques to decrease the

Answer 66

abnormal muscle tone