Exam 2 - PD Ch 9

Question 1

tactile sense

Answer 1

sensation received through the skin or hair receptors

Question 2

deep pressure

Answer 2

tactile sensation of force applied to the skin

Question 3

pain

Answer 3

unpleasant or noxious tactile sensation

Question 4

thermal sensation

Answer 4

tactile sensation of heat or cold

Question 5

proprioception

Answer 5

information about joint position & motion conveyed at an unconscious level from receptors in the mm, joints, ligaments and bones.

Question 6

Sensation is the primary means of learning about the external world. T/F

Answer 6

true

Question 7

feed-forward control

Answer 7

• quicker than feed-back
• used sensory info to predict what might happen to disturb movement
• and to develop a motor plan

Question 8

proprioception deficit

Answer 8

can’t sense position and motion of joints

Question 9

tactile deficit

Answer 9

can’t sense contact with objects

Question 10

Vision can compensate for prop. and tactile deficit. T/somewhat/F

Answer 10

somewhat

Question 11

When sensation is absent (especially prop), what happens to affected parts?

Answer 11

affected parts may fail to function as if paralyzed

Question 12

Purpose of sensory testing:

Answer 12

• type & extent of sensory loss
• provides documentation of sensory loss pattern & recovery
• assists in diagnosis
• determine impairment & functional limitations
• provides direction for OT intervention

Question 13

Dx that require sensory testing:

Answer 13

• peripheral nerve damage

- spinal cord

Question 14

dermatome

Answer 14

specific area of sensory distribution via nerve root in spinal cord

Question 15

T/F sensory testing is subjective

Answer 15

true

Question 16

T/F -tactile sensitivity is critical to performance of all ADL’s.

Answer 16

true

Question 17

T/F -if touch is impaired or absent the pt will not have intact pressure sensation.

Answer 17

false

• pressure receptors are deeper (subcutaneous)
• touch receptors are superficial

Question 18

thermal sensation deficit pt.

Answer 18

• must be taught burn prevention

- precautions against injury in ADL

Question 19

if pain sensation is absent:

Answer 19

teach sensory compensation & safety awareness

Question 20

olfactory(smell) acuity

Answer 20

varies greatly & declines with age

Question 21

diminished sense of smell

Answer 21

hyposmia

Question 22

parosmia

Answer 22

pleasant odors perceived as noxious or distorted

Question 23

taste receptor cells located:

Answer 23

tongue, palate, pharynx, epiglottis & esophagus

Question 24

4 basic tastes

Answer 24

sweet, sour, salty & bitter

Question 25

kinesthesia

Answer 25

conscious sense of motion

Question 26

perception

Answer 26

how the brain interprets sensory info received from the environment

Question 27

stereognosis

Answer 27

ability to ID an object through prop., cognition & sense of touch

Question 28

a deficit in stereognosis

Answer 28

astereognosis | OTA can test for this

Question 29

graphesthesia

Answer 29

ability to recognize letters, shapes... drawn on skin

Question 30

agraphesthesia

Answer 30

loss of graphesthesia

Question 31

body scheme

Answer 31

awareness of body parts & position of body & parts in relation to themselves & environment

Question 32

asomatognosia

Answer 32

severe loss of body scheme

Question 33

right/left discrimination

Answer 33

- part of body scheme | - extrapersonal space, interpersonal space or both

Question 34

unilateral inattention/unilateral neglect

Answer 34

- failure to integrate perceptions from one side of the body or one side of body space - test by watching ADL's

Question 35

finger agnosia

Answer 35

difficulty naming fingers on command or knowing which finger has been touched

Question 36

praxis

Answer 36

- ability to plan & perform purposeful movement | - testing done by OTR

Question 37

apraxia

Answer 37

impairment in praxis - ideomotor - constructional - oral - dressing

Question 38

ideomotor apraxia

Answer 38

- inability to perform a motor act on command but the motor act can be done automatically - testing done by OTR

Question 39

constructional apraxia

Answer 39

- inability to copy, draw or construct a design on command or spontaneously - parietal lobe dysfunction

Question 40

dressing apraxia

Answer 40

can't plan & perform the motor acts needed to dress oneself

Question 41

cognition

Answer 41

global mental functions | specific mental functions

Question 42

global mental functions

Answer 42

consciousness, orientation, sleep, temperament, personality, energy and drive

Question 43

specific mental functions

Answer 43

attn., memory thought, judgment, time management, problem solving, decision making, language, emotion regulation and experience of self.

Question 44

orientation

Answer 44

ongoing awareness of current situation, the environment and passage of time

Question 45

after severe TBI or CVA confusion about personal identity would indicate:

Answer 45

disorientation to person

Question 46

orientation

Answer 46

person, place & time | O x 3 (if ct. identifies all three)

Question 47

topographical orientation

Answer 47

awareness of position of self in relation to environment

Question 48

attention

Answer 48

active process which allows focus on environmental info and sensations relevant at a particular time

Question 49

attention involves using all of these simultaneously:

Answer 49

``` alertness selectivity sustained effort flexibility mental tracking ```

Question 50

2 types of information processing relevant to attention

Answer 50

automatic and controlled processing

Question 51

automatic processing

Answer 51

is subcortical (not deliberately conscious)

Question 52

controlled processing

Answer 52

used when new information is being considered

Question 53

divided attentional deficit

Answer 53

can't process all information required for task completion

Question 54

concentration

Answer 54

sustained focused attention for a period of time

Question 55

memory (see figure 9-4 pg 167 in PD text)

Answer 55

- cognitive function | - retain and recall information

Question 56

declarative or explicit memory

Answer 56

``` ability to recite information 2 types (episodic and semantic) ```

Question 57

episodic memory

Answer 57

a persons personal history & lifetime experiences

Question 58

semantic memory

Answer 58

general knowledge shared by groups of people (such as language and rules of social behavior)

Question 59

everyday memory

Answer 59

ability to remember information pertinent to daily life and keep track of daily events in proper sequence

Question 60

prospective memory

Answer 60

remember events set to occur at a future time

Question 61

executive functioning

Answer 61

includes higher order reasoning and planning functions such as global formation, planning, implementing the plan and effective performance

Question 62

perseveration

Answer 62

repeated motor acts, verbalizations or thoughts

Question 63

impulsivity

Answer 63

starting a task before making a plan

Question 64

abstract thinking

Answer 64

- ability to see relationships between objects, events or ideas - to discriminate relevant from irrelevant - recognize absurdities

Question 65

frontal lobe damage can cause loss in

Answer 65

abstract thinking

Question 66

problem solving involves these cognitive functions:

Answer 66

- attention - memory - planning - organization - reason - judgment making

Question 67

limited insight causes

Answer 67

impulsive unsafe behavior

Question 68

anosognosia

Answer 68

total inability to recognize deficits

Question 69

emotional liability

Answer 69

ability to recognize and discuss their deficits but can't control them

Question 70

judgment

Answer 70

makes realistic decisions based on environmental information

Question 71

sequencing

Answer 71

organize an activity in logical timely steps

Question 72

dyscalculia

Answer 72

deficit in ability to perform simple calculations can be: -reading (alexia) the numbers -writing (agraphia) the numbers -spatial dyscalculia - spatial arrangement of numbers