Exam 2 - PD Ch 9 Flashcards
tactile sense
sensation received through the skin or hair receptors
deep pressure
tactile sensation of force applied to the skin
pain
unpleasant or noxious tactile sensation
thermal sensation
tactile sensation of heat or cold
proprioception
information about joint position & motion conveyed at an unconscious level from receptors in the mm, joints, ligaments and bones.
Sensation is the primary means of learning about the external world. T/F
true
feed-forward control
- quicker than feed-back
- used sensory info to predict what might happen to disturb movement
- and to develop a motor plan
proprioception deficit
can’t sense position and motion of joints
tactile deficit
can’t sense contact with objects
Vision can compensate for prop. and tactile deficit. T/somewhat/F
somewhat
When sensation is absent (especially prop), what happens to affected parts?
affected parts may fail to function as if paralyzed
Purpose of sensory testing:
- type & extent of sensory loss
- provides documentation of sensory loss pattern & recovery
- assists in diagnosis
- determine impairment & functional limitations
- provides direction for OT intervention
Dx that require sensory testing:
- peripheral nerve damage
- spinal cord
dermatome
specific area of sensory distribution via nerve root in spinal cord
T/F sensory testing is subjective
true
T/F -tactile sensitivity is critical to performance of all ADL’s.
true
T/F -if touch is impaired or absent the pt will not have intact pressure sensation.
false
- pressure receptors are deeper (subcutaneous)
- touch receptors are superficial
thermal sensation deficit pt.
- must be taught burn prevention
- precautions against injury in ADL
if pain sensation is absent:
teach sensory compensation & safety awareness
olfactory(smell) acuity
varies greatly & declines with age
diminished sense of smell
hyposmia
parosmia
pleasant odors perceived as noxious or distorted
taste receptor cells located:
tongue, palate, pharynx, epiglottis & esophagus
4 basic tastes
sweet, sour, salty & bitter
kinesthesia
conscious sense of motion
perception
how the brain interprets sensory info received from the environment
stereognosis
ability to ID an object through prop., cognition & sense of touch
a deficit in stereognosis
astereognosis
OTA can test for this
graphesthesia
ability to recognize letters, shapes… drawn on skin
agraphesthesia
loss of graphesthesia
body scheme
awareness of body parts & position of body & parts in relation to themselves & environment
asomatognosia
severe loss of body scheme
right/left discrimination
- part of body scheme
- extrapersonal space, interpersonal space or both
unilateral inattention/unilateral neglect
- failure to integrate perceptions from one side of the body or one side of body space
- test by watching ADL’s
finger agnosia
difficulty naming fingers on command or knowing which finger has been touched
praxis
- ability to plan & perform purposeful movement
- testing done by OTR
apraxia
impairment in praxis
- ideomotor
- constructional
- oral
- dressing
ideomotor apraxia
- inability to perform a motor act on command but the motor act can be done automatically
- testing done by OTR
constructional apraxia
- inability to copy, draw or construct a design on command or spontaneously
- parietal lobe dysfunction
dressing apraxia
can’t plan & perform the motor acts needed to dress oneself
cognition
global mental functions
specific mental functions
global mental functions
consciousness, orientation, sleep, temperament, personality, energy and drive
specific mental functions
attn., memory thought, judgment, time management, problem solving, decision making, language, emotion regulation and experience of self.
orientation
ongoing awareness of current situation, the environment and passage of time
after severe TBI or CVA confusion about personal identity would indicate:
disorientation to person
orientation
person, place & time
O x 3 (if ct. identifies all three)
topographical orientation
awareness of position of self in relation to environment
attention
active process which allows focus on environmental info and sensations relevant at a particular time
attention involves using all of these simultaneously:
alertness selectivity sustained effort flexibility mental tracking
2 types of information processing relevant to attention
automatic and controlled processing
automatic processing
is subcortical (not deliberately conscious)
controlled processing
used when new information is being considered
divided attentional deficit
can’t process all information required for task completion
concentration
sustained focused attention for a period of time
memory (see figure 9-4 pg 167 in PD text)
- cognitive function
- retain and recall information
declarative or explicit memory
ability to recite information 2 types (episodic and semantic)
episodic memory
a persons personal history & lifetime experiences
semantic memory
general knowledge shared by groups of people (such as language and rules of social behavior)
everyday memory
ability to remember information pertinent to daily life and keep track of daily events in proper sequence
prospective memory
remember events set to occur at a future time
executive functioning
includes higher order reasoning and planning functions such as global formation, planning, implementing the plan and effective performance
perseveration
repeated motor acts, verbalizations or thoughts
impulsivity
starting a task before making a plan
abstract thinking
- ability to see relationships between objects, events or ideas
- to discriminate relevant from irrelevant
- recognize absurdities
frontal lobe damage can cause loss in
abstract thinking
problem solving involves these cognitive functions:
- attention
- memory
- planning
- organization
- reason
- judgment making
limited insight causes
impulsive unsafe behavior
anosognosia
total inability to recognize deficits
emotional liability
ability to recognize and discuss their deficits but can’t control them
judgment
makes realistic decisions based on environmental information
sequencing
organize an activity in logical timely steps
dyscalculia
deficit in ability to perform simple calculations
can be:
-reading (alexia) the numbers
-writing (agraphia) the numbers
-spatial dyscalculia - spatial arrangement of numbers
