Final Exam pt. 4 Flashcards
Behavior therapy is based on what 2 assumptions?
- behavior is a product of learning
2. what has been learned can unlearned
Which main therapy is this: involve the pricinples of learning and conditioning to direct efforts to change client’s maladaptive behaviors?
Behavior Therapy
What are the three steps of systematic desensitization?
Step 1: the therapist helps the client build on anxiety hierarchy
Step 2: Deep Muscle Relaxation
Step 3: Client tries to work through the hierarchy, learning to remain relaxed while imaging each stimulus
Systematic Desensitization is used to weaken the association between the __________ _______ and the conditioned response of anxiety.
conditioned stimulus
Systematic Desensitization is used to weaken the association between the conditioned stimulus and the _________ ________ of ________.
conditioned response
anxiety
_________ _____________ is used to weaken the association between the conditioned stimulus and the conditioned response of anxiety.
Systematic Desensitization
________ therapy is the most controversial of the behavior therapies.
Aversion
In Aversion therapy an ________ ________ is paired with a stimulus that elicits an undesirable response.
aversive stimulus
In ________ therapy an aversive stimulus is paired with a stimulus that elicits an undesirable response.
Aversion
In Aversion therapy an aversive stimulus is paired with a stimulus that elicits an __________ response.
undesirable
What has aversion therapy been used for?
(1) alcohol and drug abuse
(2) sexual deviance
(3) smoking
(4) shoplifting
(5) gambling
(6) stuttering
(7) overeating.
________ _________ Therapy involves correcting “habitual thinking errors”.
Cognitive-Behavioral
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy involves correcting “________ _______ ______”.
“habitual thinking errors”
What type of drugs are anti-anxiety drugs?
Valium, Xanax, Prozac, Paxil
What type of drugs are anti-depressant drugs?
Wellbutrin, Nardil, Prozac, Paxil
What type of drugs reduce tension, apprehension, and nervousness?
anti-anxiety drugs
____-______ drugs have immediate affect but short-lived effects.
Anti-anxiety
Anti-anxiety drugs have _________ affect but short-lived effects.
immediate
Anti-anxiety drugs have immediate affect but _____-_____ effects.
short-lived
_____-______ drugs have potential for abuse, dependence, & overdose.
Anti-anxiety
Anti-anxiety drugs have potential for ______, _________, & ________.
abuse
dependence
overdose
Anti-anxiety drugs have potential to experience ________.
withdrawal
What type of drugs are antipsychotic drugs?
Thorazine, Mellarill, Haldol, Stelazine, Clozaril
Antipsychotic Drugs are used to treat psychotic disorders, primarily ___________.
schizophrenia
Antipsychotic drugs affect schizophrenia’s positive or negative symptoms
positive
What was the difference between first generation and second generation antipsychotic disorders?
First Generation antipsychotic: -typical -"tight" binding -limbic system & cerebral cortex -basal ganglia=motor dysfunction Second Generatio antipsychotic: -atypical -lower risks motor dysfunction -higher risk of metabolic side effects
Antipsychotic drugs decrease activity at certain subtypes of ________ receptors.
Dopamine
What are the side effects of antipsychotic drugs?
- drowsiness
- constipation
- dry mouth
- motor effects
- medication noncompliance
Antidepressants are used to treat?
- depression
- OCD
- Panic Disorder
Antidepressants create gradual or immediate effects?
gradual effects
Antidepressants elevate _____.
mood
What type of drugs are mood stabilizers?
Lithium, Valproate
Mood stabilizers are drugs used to control depression & mania in ______ disorder.
bipolar
_____ _________ are drugs used to control depression & mania in bipolar disorder.
Mood stabilizers
What are the dangerous side effects of lithium?
- high concentrations can be toxic % fatal
- Kidney & Thyroid gland complications
Which is a better mood stabilizer, lithium or valproate?
valproate
Lithium is also known as an __________.
anticonvulsant
_______ is also known as an anticonvulsant.
Lithium
What are the criticisms of drug therapies?
- Not as effective as advertised
- overprescription
- Side effects are underestimated
- Pharmaceutical industry has heavy influence on drug research
- high relapse rates
What is elctroconculsive therapy (ECT)?
Electric shock is used to produce cortical seizure accompanied by convulsions
Elctroconculsive therapy (ECT) is used primarily to treat _________.
depression
What are the side effects electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)?
memory loss, impaired attention, & other cognitive deficits
Usually mild and disappear within 1 month
What do advocates say about electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)?
- Very effective treatment for depression
- Improvement in those who don’t benefit from antidepressants
What do opponents say about electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)?
- Studies are flawed and inconclusive, so probably no more effective than placebo
- Relapse rates are high
