Chapter 3 pt. 2 Flashcards
Neural Communication: Neuronal communication uses what 2 main substances>
- Electricity
2. Neurotransmitters
Neural Communication: Neurotransmitters may bind at receptor sites on ____-_________ terminal, which are tuned to respond to specific transmitters
post-synaptic
Neural Communication: Neurotransmitters may bind at _______ sites on post-synaptic terminal, which are tuned to respond to ________ transmitters
receptor
specific
Neural Communication: What three chemicals are active during neuron communication?
Sodium
Potassium
Chloride
Neural Communication: What type of charge do these chemicals have: Sodium Potassium Chloride
Sodium=positive charge
Potassium=positive charge
Chloride= negative charge
Neural Communication: Sodium is attracted to ________ and ___________
chloride
potassium
Neural Communication: Changes in ________ ________ inside a neuron signals a release of NT which leads to changes in electric charge in the next neuron which leads to release of NT….
electric charge
Neural Communication: Changes in electric charge inside a neuron signals a _________ __ ___ which leads to changes in electric charge in the next neuron which leads to release of NT….
release of NT (neurotransmitters)
Neural Communication: Changes in electric charge inside a neuron signals a release of NT which leads to changes in _______ _____ in the next neuron which leads to release of NT….
electric charge
Neural Communication: Changes in electric charge inside a neuron signals a release of NT which leads to changes in electric charge in the next neuron which leads to ________ __ ___….
release of NT (neurotransmitters)
True or False:
Neural Communication: Charged ions only exist inside of cells
False; Charged ions exist both inside and outside of cells:
Neural Communication: What are the scientific abbreviations of sodium and potassium?
NA+ (Sodium)
K+ (Potassium)
CL- (Chloride)
Neural Communication: Large number of negative ions, few positive ions=________ charge
negative
Neural Communication: Large number of positive ions, few negative ions= _________ charge
positive
Neural Communication: When the inside of the cell has a ________ _______ it is at rest, meaning it is not ready to fire, i.e., resting potential (approx -70 millivolts)
negative charge
Neural Communication: Explain general property of electricity.
Given the opportunity, charged ions will always move towards their opposite charge and gradient!
Neural Communication: List the steps in neuronal communication.
Step 1: NT binds to dendrites of post synaptic terminal
Step 2: Charged ions flow into cell (which is negative right now)
Step 3: If sufficient positive charge is reached, then Neuron will fire! (Action potential)
Step 4: NT released at pre-synaptic terminal
Step 5: NTs traverse the synaptic cleft to bind to next cell and repeat process
Neural Communication: what is a brief shift in neurons electrical charge that travels along an axon?
an action potential
Neural Communication: a voltage change at a receptor site on a postsynaptic cell membrane
postsynaptic potential (PSP)
Neural Communication: postsynaptic potential (PSP) is graded or varied in _____
size
Neural Communication: ____________ ________ (PSP) is graded or varied in size
postsynaptic potential
Neural Communication: postsynaptic potential increase or decrease the probability of a _______ _______ in the receiving cell
neural impulse
Neural Communication: postynaptic potential increase or decrease the probability of a neural impulse in the __________ ____
receiving cell
Neural Communication: _________ PSPs: increases likelihood of firing (cell becomes more positive)
Excitatory
Neural Communication:
Excitatory PSPs: increases likelihood of _______ (cell becomes more ________)
firing
positive
Neural Communication: _________ PSPs: decreases likelihood of firing (cell becomes more negative)
Inhibitory
Neural Communication:
Inhibitory PSPs: __________ likelihood of firing (cell becomes more _________)
decreases
negative
Neural Communication: minimum length of time after an action potential during which another action potential cannot begin
refractory period
Neural Communication: left over NT that is taken back up into the presynaptic cell
reuptake
Neural Communication: What are neural networks?
- patterns of neural activity
- interconnected neurons that fire together or sequentially
Neural Communication: Why is it important to understand neural communication?
- neuronal communication underlies every thought and action you have
- understanding healthy functions are important in treating dysfunctions
