Chapter 11 pt. 3

Question 1

What are the stages of psychosexual development?

Answer 1

1. oral (0-1)
2. anal (2-3)
3. phallic (4-5)
4. latency (6-12)
5. genital (puberty onward)

Question 2

What is the erotic focus in the oral stage?

Answer 2

mouth (sucking, biting)

Question 3

What is the erotic focus in the anal stage?

Answer 3

anus (expelling or retaining feces)

Question 4

What is the erotic focus in the phallic stage?

Answer 4

genital (masturbating)

Question 5

What is the erotic focus in the latency stage?

Answer 5

none (sexually repressed)

Question 6

What is the erotic focus in the genital stage?

Answer 6

genitals (being sexually intimate)

Question 7

What are the key tasks and experiences of the oral stage?

Answer 7

weaning (from breast or bottle)

Question 8

What are the key tasks and experiences of the anal stage?

Answer 8

toilet training

Question 9

What are the key tasks and experiences of the phallic stage?

Answer 9

identifying with Adult Role Models; Coping with Oedipal Crisis

Question 10

What are the key tasks and experiences of the latency stage?

Answer 10

expanding social contracts

Question 11

What are the key tasks and experiences of the genital stage?

Answer 11

establishing intimate relationships; contributing to society through working

Question 12

Freud believed that fixation at the _____ stage led to obsessive eating and smoking

Answer 12

oral

Question 13

Freud believed that fixation at the oral stage led to obsessive _______ and ________

Answer 13

eating

smoking

Question 14

The anal stage may lead to ______ _________ and _________ due to harsh toilet training.

Answer 14

sexual difficulties

resentment

Question 15

The anal stage may lead to sexual difficulties and resentment due to harsh ______ ________.

Answer 15

toilet training

Question 16

The latency stage may lead to ______ their of same-sex parent.

Answer 16

resent

Question 17

The latency stage may lead to resent their of _____-____ parent.

Answer 17

same-sex

Question 18

At which stage of psychosexual development do sexual urges reappear?

Answer 18

genital stage

Question 19

What is the difference between behaviorism and humanism?

Answer 19

behaviorism: theoretical perspective which suggests that only observable behavior should be studied
Humanism: theoretical perspective that emphasizes the unique qualities of humans

Question 20

What is personality according to B.F. Skinner?

Answer 20

personality is a collection of responses that are tied to various stimulus situations

Question 21

Social Learning Theory incorporates _______ _________ __________ with behaviorist principles.

Answer 21

internal cognitive processes

Question 22

_______ __________ _______ incorporates internal cognitive processes with behaviorist principles.

Answer 22

Social Learning Theory

Question 23

Social Learning Theory incorporates internal cognitive processes with __________ _________.

Answer 23

behaviorist principles

Question 24

Was Albert Bandura a behaviorist or humanist?

Answer 24

behaviorist

Question 25

According to Albert Bandura, when does observational learning occurs?

Answer 25

when an organism’s response is influenced by observing others (models)

Question 26

According to Albert Bandura: Response tendencies are the product of __________.

Answer 26

imitation

Question 27

According to Albert Bandura: | Personality characteristics can also be “_________” from others

Answer 27

absorbed

Question 28

Albert Bandura suggested personality characteristics determine which ________ are imitated.

Answer 28

behaviors

Question 29

Albert Bandura suggested personality characteristics determine which behaviors are ________.

Answer 29

imitated

Question 30

What is self-efficacy?

Answer 30

belief about one’s ability to perform behaviors

Question 31

What is the person-situation controversy?

Answer 31

people make responses that they think will lead to reinforcement in a particular situation

Question 32

Is Walter Mischel a behaviorist or a humanist?

Answer 32

behaviorist

Question 33

Walter Mischel suggests that personality (of a specific individual) can differ from _________ to _________ .

Answer 33

situation

Question 34

______ _______ suggests that personality (of a specific individual) can differ from situation to situation.

Answer 34

Walter Mischel

Question 35

What is humanism?

Answer 35

theoretical perspective that emphasizes the unique qualities of humans

Question 36

Who are the founders of humanism?

Answer 36

Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow

Question 37

Humanism emphasizes ___________ and _______ to make personal changes.

Answer 37

independence | freedom

Question 38

Humanism believed humans are _______ and in control of their __________ (i.e., not dominated by unconscious thoughts)

Answer 38

rational | behaviors

Question 39

Humanism: | _________ Perception > _________ Reality

Answer 39

Subjective | Objective

Question 40

Humanism: | Subjective _________ > Objective ________

Answer 40

Perception | Reality

Question 41

Explain Carl Rogers Person Centered Theory.

Answer 41

personality is re-termed to place focus on the individual

Question 42

What is "the self"?

Answer 42

a collection of beliefs about ones own nature, qualities, behaviors

Question 43

What is incongruence?

Answer 43

- gap between self-concept and reality | - self-concept does not meh well with actual experience

Question 44

Abraham Maslow believed psychology should take an interest in the _______ mind.

Answer 44

healthy

Question 45

List Maslow's hierarchy of needs from bottom to top.

Answer 45

- physiological needs - safety and security needs - belongingness and love needs - esteem needs - cognitive needs - aesthetic needs - need for self-actualization

Question 46

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs: - __________ if lower needs are satisfied - __________ if lower needs are not being satisfied

Answer 46

Progression | Regression

Question 47

List the new approach to Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

Answer 47

- physiological needs - self-protection needs - affiliation needs - status/esteem needs - mate acquisition - mate retention - parenting