Chapter 4 pt.2 Flashcards
What is bottom-up processing?
One of the methods in perceiving forms, patterns, and objects.
- entirely based on input
- details make up the whole
What is top-down processing?
One of the methods in perceiving forms, patterns, and objects.
- holistic/global processing
- based on experience
- read the word before the letters
How could you sum up Gerstalt’s priciples of perception?
the whole is greater than its parts
List Gerstalt’s principles of form perception.
- figure-ground
- proximity, closure
- similarity
- simplicity
- continuity
What’s the difference between binocular and monocular cues?
Binocular cues are clues from both eyes together;retinal disparity.
Monocular cues are clues only needing a single eye; pictorial depth cues.
How do binocular and monocular cues allow for depth perception?
Binocular cues help us judge distance, and monuclar cues help us judge distnce based off of cues like texture.
Hearing is measured in ______ waves
sound
How is sound measured?
in amplitude and frequency
The height of a sound wave
amplitude
the number of peaks in sound waves
frequency
When talking about “loudness” what is the technical term?
amplitude
When talking about “pitch” what is the technical term?
frequency
the different harmonics in sound
timbre
What are the main theories of hearing?
- place theory
- frequency theory
- traveling wave theory
Explain the place theory of hearing.
pitch perception corresponds to the vibration of different places along the basilar membrane
Explain the frequency theory of hearing.
perception of pitch corresponds to the frequency at which the entire basilar membrane vibrate
Explain the traveling wave theory.
whole basilar membrane moves, but the waves peak at particular places
The taste receptors are clusters of cells found in the ______ _____
taste buds
_____ __________ are clusters of cells found in the taste buds
taste receptors
How is gustatory (ie taste) information absorbed?
- something touches the taste receptors located in taste buds
- cells absorb chemicals and trigger neural impulses
- send the information throughout the thalamus and on to the cortex
The sensory system is NOT routed through the _________ before it projects into the cortex
thalamus
How is olfactory information absorbed?
- neurons on top of your nose lets you absorb chemicals
- hits the olfactory bulb
- hits the olfactory axon
- hits the olfactory cilia (receptor cells )
What are the primary tastes?
- sweet
- sour
- bitter
- salty
- umami (brothy flavor)
The external ear depends on the _________ __ ____ ________
vibration of air molecules
The middle ear depends on the _________ __ _________ ______
vibration of movable bones.
The inner ear depends on ______ __ _ ____, which are finally converted into a stream of neural signals sent to the brain.
waves in a fluid
a sound-collecting cone
pinna
a taunt membrane that vibrates in response
eardrum
a fluid-filled, coiled tunnel that contains the receptors for hearing
cochlea
runs the length of the spiraled cochlea, holds the auditory receptors, called hair cells
basilar membrane
What is the Mcgurk effect?
the perceptual illusion that occurs when the visual perception of a sound (seeing lips move) is paired with the auditory information of a different sound which produces a perception of a different third sound.
