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2016 Master > fiber > Flashcards

fiber Flashcards

1
Q

EDFA

A

Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier

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2
Q

Similar to loose tube, this type of cable has ribbons that are contained in buffer tubes

A

Ribbon Stranded

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3
Q

A card made up of material similar to photographic film that changes colors when exposed to light

A

Photosensitive Card

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4
Q

The wavelength range of visible light

A

390nm to 780nm

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5
Q

OCEF

A

Optical Cable Entry Facility

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6
Q

What is the formula to convert dB to mW?

A

mW = 10(dB/10)

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7
Q

The two means of splicing fiber optic cable

A

Fusion Splicing

Mechanical Splicing

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8
Q

Monitoring Center for high-speed data and telephony. Technical customer service calls are escalated here for investigation and network troubleshooting

A

Network Operation Center (NOC)

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9
Q

Generated during the node certification showing the fiber performance when first activated. It is a document used to compare old test results to new test results

A

Node Birth Certificate.

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10
Q

The diameter of the glass cladding

A

125 microns

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11
Q

A device that scores then breaks the optical fiber to prepare it for splicing

A

Cleaver

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12
Q

Radiated light created in the same direction at the same time

A

Coherent Light

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13
Q

Where the connector end of the pigtail is connected to the laser. Provides a neat and orderly method of managing the patch cords.

A

Patch Panel

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14
Q

The two ways a fusion splicer lines up the fiber ends in order to get the best possible splice.

A

Local Injection and Detection (LID)Profile Alignment

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15
Q

SC

A

Standard Connector

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16
Q

Silicon photodiodes are sensitive to light in the range of

A

400 to 1000nm

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17
Q

What is Comcast’s maximum allowed loss through a fusion splice?

A

.05 dB

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18
Q

The ideal optical power level at a receiver input is

A

0dBm

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19
Q

The ratio of the velocity of light of two mediums of optical glass

A

Refractive Index

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20
Q

Most light generated by lasers for telecommunications exist in this light band

A

Infrared band

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21
Q

Theoretically, how many wavelengths can be carried on a single fiber using DWDM?

A

2 to 128

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22
Q

A device used to test for dicontinuities (impedance mismatches) on coaxial cables

A

Time Domain Reflectometer (TDR)

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23
Q

Used to detect light from an optical fiber and convert the light to an electrical source

A

Photodiode

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24
Q

A jumper cable for optical connectors

A

Pigtail

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25
Q

This laser generates only one wavelength at it’s output

A

Distributive Feedback Laser (DFB)

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26
Q

The ratio of the velocity of light of two mediums of optical glass

A

Refractive Index

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27
Q

Enables different wavelengths to be carried on a single optical fiber

A

WDM (Wave Division Multiplexing)

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28
Q

List the 5 laser classes

A

Class 1Class 2/2AClass 3AClass 3BClass 4

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29
Q

Typical loss (in dB) of a fiber connector

A

0.5dB

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30
Q

A device used to wrap and store excess fiber optic cable in an aerial location

A

Snowshoe

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31
Q

Two types of fiber amplifiers

A

EDFA (Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier)YEDFA (Ytterbium Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier)

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32
Q

Formula to convert mW to dBm

A

dBm = 10log(mW)

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33
Q

An electronic or optical process that combines several individual signals or wavelengths into a single carrier or path.

A

Multiplexing

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34
Q

Type of cable consisting of larger buffer tubes with the fibers inside, surrounded by fiberglass water block tape, armor, two steel strengthmembers and a jacket

A

Unitube

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35
Q

a trillion Hertz or 1,000 gighertz

A

Terahertz

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36
Q

Similar to loose tube, this type of cable consists of buffer tubes surrounded by a fiberglass wrap and two steel strength members on each side molded into the jacket.

A

Flex Tube

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37
Q

The most basic laser and consists of two pieces of semiconductor material with an active layer between them

A

Fabry-Perot Laser

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38
Q

Central data point communicating with endpoints of a network. All data communications must flow through the central point.

A

Star

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39
Q

Test equipment used to visually see the losses, breaks and distance measurements in an optical fiber

A

OTDR (Optical Time Domain Reflectometer)

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40
Q

Fiber loss is expressed in this manner

A

dB/km (decibels per kilometer)

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41
Q

A network of devices connected together in a circular communication link

A

Ring

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42
Q

A board for making optical connections consisting of sleeves used to line up two connectors

A

Patch Panel

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43
Q

Used to measure transmitter outputs and receiver inputs

A

Optical Power Meter

44
Q

Allows multiple wavelengths above and below a center wavelength to be carried on a single optical fiber

A

DWDM (Dense Wave Division Multiplexing)

45
Q

Outputof a YEDFA

A

22dBm

46
Q

How far back should the fibers be stripped?

A

1-1/2 to 2 inches

47
Q

Typical loss (in dB) of a mechanical splice

A

0.25dB

48
Q

Allows only a single mode of light to propagate through the fiber core

A

Single Mode Fiber

49
Q

Light that is reflected back to the source and contributes to the optical fiber loss

A

Backscattered Light

50
Q

A special optical fiber connector used in gigabit Ethernet Devices that uses fibers in pairs with LC and/or SC.

A

LCSC

51
Q

The three types of optical power meters

A

Silicon (Si)Germanium (GE)Indium-Gallium-Arsenide (InGaAs)

52
Q

A connection point in a cable system where a fiber enters a neighborhood and the optical signal is converted to an electrical signal

A

Node

53
Q

How many feet is equal to 1km

A

3280 ft

54
Q

Is a water-resistant enclosure that is intended for storing trays of optical fiber splices between incoming outside plant fiber cables and the inside fiber cables going to the fiber patch panels.

A

OCEF (Optical Cable Entry Facility)

55
Q

This cable configuration is the same as unitube, except fibers are arranged side by side

A

Ribbon

56
Q

FC

A

Ferruled Connector

57
Q

Attenuation of the wavelength 1310nm per kilometer

A

.35 dB/km

58
Q

Method of joining two optical fibers of the same type using an electrical arc to form a precision splice

A

Fusion Splice

59
Q

YEDFA

A

Ytterbium Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier

60
Q

The twelve fiber and buffer tube colors in order:

A
  • Blue
  • Orange
  • Green
  • Brown
  • Slate
  • White
  • Red
  • Black
  • Yellow
  • Violet
  • Rose
  • Aqua
61
Q

The three most important procedures to insure a good splice

A

Proper CleaningProper CleaveControlled Break

62
Q

This is the sum of all the losses associated with a fiber link between the optical fiber transmitter and the optical fiber receiver

A

Loss Budget

63
Q

5 types of fiber connections

A

FC (Ferruled Connector)SC (Standard Connector)UPC (Ultra Polish Connector)APC (Angle Polish Connector)LCSC

64
Q

Output gain of an EDFA

A

Over 40dB Possible

65
Q

Used to visually see the losses, breaks and distance measurements in an optical fiber link

A

OTDR (Optical Time Domain Reflectometer)

66
Q

One billion cycles per second or 1 billion Hertz

A

Gigahertz

67
Q

In DWDM, the wavelengths are this far apart

A

0.8nm or 100GHz

68
Q

Attenuation of the wavelength 1550nm per kilometer

A

.25 dB/km

69
Q

Color-Coded tubes that house and protect the optical fibers within a fiber optic cable.

A

Buffer Tubes

70
Q

A method used to lock and mark one end of a line in order to allow someone to safely work on the other end

A

Lockout Tag-out

71
Q

Typical loss (in dB) of a fusion splice

A

0.1dB

72
Q

The distance that cannot be seen by the OTDR because the initial pulse doesn’t create enough backscattered light and “hides” the first several hundred feet of cable.

A

Dead Zone

73
Q

The preferred method of fiber optic splicing

A

Fusion Splicing

74
Q

This type of fiber optic cable consists of a single strength member in the center surrounded by color-coded buffer tubers, which contain fibers that are also color-coded.

A

Loose Tube

75
Q

A temporary joining of two optical fibers of the same type using a plastic form to hold and lock fibers together.

A

Mechanical Splice

76
Q

The gel from buffer tubes should be cleaned with what?

A

Isopropyl Alcohol that is at least 90% pure

77
Q

To prevent stress on the fiber, cable manufacturers put about 1% more fiber in the cable than the length of the cable itself, to allow for some stretch. What is this called?

A

Lay Loss Factor

78
Q

Used to locate faults in jumpers and pigtails

A

Visible fault locator

79
Q

A Photodiode used to detect light from an optical fiber and converts the light to an electrical source

A

PIN Diode

80
Q

When was the Optical Fiber laser invented

A

in 1958 at Bell Labs

81
Q

RIN

A

Relative intensity Noise

82
Q

The interface between the Headend (Hub) and the RF Plant.

A

Node

83
Q

Optical fiber with erbium, a rare earth material, added to the glass during the manufacturing process, to give fiber useful properties when properly lased

A

Doping

84
Q

Attachesoptical fiber from the device to an optical connector

A

Pigtail

85
Q

The difference between transmitted and received power resulting from the loss through equipment, lines, or other transmission devices; usually expressed in decibels

A

Attenuation

86
Q

The diameter of the fiber optic coating

A

250 microns

87
Q

Allows many modes of light to propagate through the core.

A

Multi-Mode Fiber

88
Q

Name the 5 most common fiber optic cable arrangements

A

Loose Tube, Flex Tube, Unitube, Ribbon, Ribbon Stranded

89
Q

A cabinet or rack that houses the splices of the outside plant fiber to the inside headend, node or OTN fiber.

A

Splice Panel

90
Q

The diameter range of the fiber optic core

A

8 to 10 micron

91
Q

Extra fiber connected to the OTDR to make up for the dead zone.

A

Launch Cable

92
Q

What does LASER stand for?

A

Light Amplification by the Stimulated Emission of Radiation

93
Q

Optical splitter loss is based on _________

A

Percentages

94
Q

Fiber amplifier that provides the greatest output gain

A

EDFA (Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier)

95
Q

Advantage of InGaAs over Gedetectors.

A

InGaAs are less noisy and allow measurements down to -65dBm.

96
Q

Fibers are contained in a plastic tube much larger than the optical fibers. The fibers can move freely within the tube.

A

Loose Tube

97
Q

A photo diode used to detect light from an optical fiber and convert the light to an electrical source

A

PIN Diode

98
Q

What are the three types of optical transmitters?

A

Fabry-Perot (F-P), Distributed Feedback (DFB), and Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet (YAG)

99
Q

APC

A

Angle Polish Connector

100
Q

UPC

A

Ultra Polish Connector

101
Q

A 32-way optical splitter has approximately how much loss?

A

18 to 20 dB

102
Q

A 64-way splitter has approximately how much loss?

A

22 to 24 dB

103
Q

A 128-way splitter has approximately how much loss ?

A

26 to 28 dB

104
Q

The 3 basic types of architecture used in a FTTP system are

A
  1. centralized split architecture
  2. Distributed split architecture
  3. Distributed tap architecture
105
Q

What is the preferred form of FTTP architecture?

A

Centralized split architecture

106
Q

Why is centralized split architecture the preferred method for FTTP?

A

It provides a central location for maintenance and troubleshooting of the optical network

2016 Master (109 decks)

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