Female Endocrinology

Question 1

The inhibin A produced by the luteinizing Granulosa cells serves what main function during the luteal phase?

Answer 1

Helps disrupt GnRH pulsatility
- Negative feedback on Gonadotropin secretion
(inhibits FSH/LH release)

Question 2

What are the 2 phases of female menstrual cycle?

Answer 2

1. Follicular (Proliferative)

2. Luteal (Secretory)

Question 3

What type of volumetric state is a pregnant mother in

Answer 3

They act hypovolemic.

Crank up ALD and AVP

Question 4

Placental GnRH promotes _____ which binds to the ___ receptor on the corpus luteum to create P4

Answer 4

• hCG

- LH

Question 5

To differentiate P4 vs Estrogen, P4 is mainly used for _____ and _____, however, there are many other effects

Answer 5

• Implantation
• Steroidogenesis
  (decidualization, quiescent myometrium, counter cortisol and ALD, block GnRH, Ventilation and RBC boost, Breast development)

Question 6

CYP19 is associated with

Answer 6

Estrogeneis (aromatase)

Question 7

What produces estrogen in the luteal phase?

Answer 7

Corpus Luteum

Question 8

____ Cells make Androstenedione, Testosterone, and P4 with LH

Answer 8

Theca

Question 9

Theca Lutein Cells (Luteal) make boat-loads of _____ along with _____ and ____

Answer 9

• P4
• Androstenedione
• Testosterone

Question 10

Describe estrogen behavior of the menstrual cycle in 3 phases. Include the associated helper proteins too!

Answer 10

1. Negative feedback with low levels and Inhibin B
2. Positive Feedback with high levels and Activin
3. Negative feedback with high P4 & Inhibin A*

Question 11

In the follicular phase, increasing _____ boosts Granulosa cells secreting E2

Answer 11

FSH

Question 12

How do the levels of E2 and E3 relate to pregancy?

Answer 12

• Starts of 1;1

- Becomes 10:1 with E3 to promote contractions

Question 13

____ Cells make Estrone, Estradiol-17B with FSH

Answer 13

Granulosa

Question 14

CYP17 is associated with

Answer 14

Androgenesis

Question 15

The fetus can make ACTH, some cortisol, very limited TH, and most importantly DHEAS that gets scooped by the mother to create _____, which will be important for contractions

Answer 15

E3*

Question 16

Life before ____ weeks is not sustainable

Answer 16

26

Question 17

Pregnant mothers resp acts like a ____ disorder with lowered FRC and ERV

Answer 17

Restrictive

Question 18

To make steroids cholesterol needs cleavage of _____ side chain

Answer 18

C27

Question 19

During pregnancy Week _____ marks the luteal to placental transition, whereby P4 and Estrogen Spikes way up

Answer 19

10

Question 20

What precedes the FSH surge?

Answer 20

E2 & Activin positive feedback boost

Question 21

Even though RAAS and ALD are in full swing for prego mothers the special hormone _____ along with other local vasodilators prevent mega HTN

Answer 21

Relaxin

Question 22

Preovulatary Theca cells make a lot of ______, along with smaller amounts of ____ and ____

Answer 22

• Androstenedione
• Testosterone
• P4
  (Theca is Thicka and Tougha) than Granny

Question 23

To differentiate Estrogen from P4, Estrogen is mainly used for ____ and ____, among others

Answer 23

• Blood
• Hormones (PRL)
  (uterine blood flow, CBG, TBG, SHBG hepatic synth, prevent milk let down)

Question 24

Increasing female FSH boosts ____ cells to promote ____ secretion

Answer 24

• Granulosa

- E2

Question 25

During pregnancy Week ____ P4 is at its highest and E3 overtakes E2 10:1.

Answer 25

30

Question 26

CYP11A is associated with

Answer 26

De Novo Steroidogenesis

Question 27

Granulosa/Luteal E2 mainly blocks _____ hormone production whereas P4 mainly blocks _____ hormone

Answer 27

• FSH

- LH

Question 28

Preovulatory Granulosa cells make a lot of ____ along with smaller amounts of _____

Answer 28

• E2

- P4

Question 29

What extra receptor do granulosa cells gain as the mentral cycle progresses?

Answer 29

LH Receptors