Female Endocrinology Flashcards
The inhibin A produced by the luteinizing Granulosa cells serves what main function during the luteal phase?
Helps disrupt GnRH pulsatility
- Negative feedback on Gonadotropin secretion
(inhibits FSH/LH release)
What are the 2 phases of female menstrual cycle?
- Follicular (Proliferative)
2. Luteal (Secretory)
What type of volumetric state is a pregnant mother in
They act hypovolemic.
Crank up ALD and AVP
Placental GnRH promotes _____ which binds to the ___ receptor on the corpus luteum to create P4
- hCG
- LH
To differentiate P4 vs Estrogen, P4 is mainly used for _____ and _____, however, there are many other effects
- Implantation
- Steroidogenesis
(decidualization, quiescent myometrium, counter cortisol and ALD, block GnRH, Ventilation and RBC boost, Breast development)
CYP19 is associated with
Estrogeneis (aromatase)
What produces estrogen in the luteal phase?
Corpus Luteum
____ Cells make Androstenedione, Testosterone, and P4 with LH
Theca
Theca Lutein Cells (Luteal) make boat-loads of _____ along with _____ and ____
- P4
- Androstenedione
- Testosterone
Describe estrogen behavior of the menstrual cycle in 3 phases. Include the associated helper proteins too!
- Negative feedback with low levels and Inhibin B
- Positive Feedback with high levels and Activin
- Negative feedback with high P4 & Inhibin A*
In the follicular phase, increasing _____ boosts Granulosa cells secreting E2
FSH
How do the levels of E2 and E3 relate to pregancy?
- Starts of 1;1
- Becomes 10:1 with E3 to promote contractions
____ Cells make Estrone, Estradiol-17B with FSH
Granulosa
CYP17 is associated with
Androgenesis
The fetus can make ACTH, some cortisol, very limited TH, and most importantly DHEAS that gets scooped by the mother to create _____, which will be important for contractions
E3*
Life before ____ weeks is not sustainable
26
Pregnant mothers resp acts like a ____ disorder with lowered FRC and ERV
Restrictive
To make steroids cholesterol needs cleavage of _____ side chain
C27
During pregnancy Week _____ marks the luteal to placental transition, whereby P4 and Estrogen Spikes way up
10
What precedes the FSH surge?
E2 & Activin positive feedback boost
Even though RAAS and ALD are in full swing for prego mothers the special hormone _____ along with other local vasodilators prevent mega HTN
Relaxin
Preovulatary Theca cells make a lot of ______, along with smaller amounts of ____ and ____
- Androstenedione
- Testosterone
- P4
(Theca is Thicka and Tougha) than Granny
To differentiate Estrogen from P4, Estrogen is mainly used for ____ and ____, among others
- Blood
- Hormones (PRL)
(uterine blood flow, CBG, TBG, SHBG hepatic synth, prevent milk let down)
Increasing female FSH boosts ____ cells to promote ____ secretion
- Granulosa
- E2
During pregnancy Week ____ P4 is at its highest and E3 overtakes E2 10:1.
30
CYP11A is associated with
De Novo Steroidogenesis
Granulosa/Luteal E2 mainly blocks _____ hormone production whereas P4 mainly blocks _____ hormone
- FSH
- LH
Preovulatory Granulosa cells make a lot of ____ along with smaller amounts of _____
- E2
- P4
What extra receptor do granulosa cells gain as the mentral cycle progresses?
LH Receptors
