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Pharmacology 1 > F: Ophthalmic Drugs > Flashcards

F: Ophthalmic Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 6 reasons to use ophthalmic drugs

A
  1. Dilate/constrict pupil
  2. Dec. Aq. fluid/IOP
  3. Inc. Tear production
  4. Dec. inflammation
  5. Treat infection
  6. Topical anesthetics
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2
Q

T/F. topical preparations are generally prefered

A

T

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3
Q

When giving two separate drugs in the eye, you should wait ___ min. between drops

A

5min

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4
Q

What are the 2 concerns about topical ophthalmic meds.

A
  1. Adverse effects

2. Short duration at site

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5
Q

Parasympathetic NS drugs cause Constriction/Dilation of the pupil

A

Constriction

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6
Q

Sympathetic NS drugs cause Constriction/Dilation of the pupil

A

Dilation

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7
Q

Sympathetic innervation of the eye!

A
  1. relaxation of ciliary m
  2. Contraction of iris
  3. Production of Aq. fluid
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8
Q

Parasympathetic innervation of the eye

A
  1. Contraction of cilliary m.

2. Contraction of the iris sphincter m.

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9
Q

What is the Miotic ophthalmic drug we learned?

A

Pilocarpine

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10
Q

What is the MOA of Pilocarpine

A

Direct acting parasympathomimetic

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11
Q

When is Pilocarpine used

A
  1. Dx of parasympathetic lesions
  2. Tx of glaucoma
  3. Tx. KSC
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12
Q

What are the Mydriatics we learned about

A
  1. Atropine

2. Tropicamide

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13
Q

MOA of Atropine

A

Direct acting parasympatholytic

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14
Q

What does Atropine cause?

A
  1. mydriasis

2. Cycloplegia (blurred vision)

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15
Q

Indications for use of Atropine

A
  1. Mydriatic-cycloplegic (dec. pain with uveitis)

2. can break up synchiae in uveitis

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16
Q

T/F. you can use atropine safely in glaucoma patients

A

F. DO NOT USE IN GLAUCOMA

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17
Q

MOA of Tropicamide

A

Direct acting parasympatholytic

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18
Q

What does Tropicamide cause?

A
  1. Mydriasis and cycloplegia
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19
Q

Since Atropine and tropicamide cause the same thing, why would you pick which to use?

A

Tropicamide =Faster onset, but shorter duration

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20
Q

Which drug would you use for short term dilation for retinal exam?

A

Tropicamide

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21
Q

T/F. Both atropine and Tropicamide can be used to prevent adhesions after cataract sx

A

T

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22
Q

Cautions of Tropicamide use.

A
  1. Avoid in glaucoma

2. Alter schirmer’s tear test

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23
Q

T/F Tropicamide is more effective for pain control than atropine

A

F

24
Q

Why would you want to dec. the amt. of aq. humor in the eye?

A

Dec. IOP in glaucoma

25
Q

Drugs that reduce aqueous humor formation and/or improve aqueous outflow:

A
  1. Alpha-agonists
  2. Beta-antagonists (timolol)
  3. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (dorzolamide)
  4. Prostaglandin analogs (latanoprost)
26
Q

What is the MOA of Timolol?

A

Ophthalmic nonselective beta-agonists

27
Q

What is Timolol used for?

A

Management of glaucoma

28
Q

How is Timolol used?

A
  1. used to prevent glaucoma in contralateral eye
  2. dec. aq. formation
  3. sometimes causes miosis
29
Q

What is cosopt?

A

Timolol + dorzolamide

30
Q

What is the MOA of Cosopt?

A

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

31
Q

Topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

A
  1. Dorzolamide
32
Q

Topical prostaglandin anolog

A

Latanoprost

33
Q

MOA of Latanoprost

A

Inc. uveoscleral outflow by stimulating FP (prostaglandin) receptors

34
Q

Agents that provide lubrication but do not perfectly replicate natural tears

A

Lacrimomimetic agents

35
Q

Agents that stimulate the eye to produce more tears

A

Lacrimogenic agents

36
Q

What are the topical immunomodulator lacrimal agents

A
  1. Cyclosporine
37
Q

What is cyclosporine used to tx

A

KCS

38
Q

How do you monitor cyclosporine use

A

Schirmer tear test

39
Q

Why should owners be cautious when admin. cyclosporine

A

immunosuppressive

40
Q

Anti-inflammatories for the eye

A
  1. Glucocorticoids
41
Q

What are ophthalmic glucocorticoids use for?

A

manage inflammatory and immune mediated conditions

42
Q

When are topical NSAIDs used

A

Manage inflam. associated with uveitis, keratiti, cataracts

43
Q

What are the 2 Topical NSAIDs used on the eye?

A
  1. Flurbiprofen

2. Diclofenac

44
Q

Which of the following is a Glucocorticoid?

a) Flurbiprofen
b) Flutiscasone
c) Fludroxortisone
d) Flunixin Meglumine

A

Fludrocortisone

45
Q

Which of the following is a Mineralocorticoid?

a) Flurbiprofen
b) Flutiscasone
c) Fludroxortisone
d) Flunixin Meglumine

A

Fluticasone

46
Q

Which of the following is an ophthalmic NSAID?

a) Flurbiprofen
b) Flutiscasone
c) Fludroxortisone
d) Flunixin Meglumine

A

Flubiprofen

47
Q

Which of the following is a systemic NSAID?

a) Flurbiprofen
b) Flutiscasone
c) Fludroxortisone
d) Flunixin Meglumine

A

Flunixin Meglumine

48
Q

What are 4 antimicrobial agents that can be applied to the eye?

A
  1. Aminoglycosides (gentamicin)
  2. Fluoroquinolones
  3. Chloramphenicol
  4. Oxytetracycline
49
Q

When treating eye infections, why would you pick topical treatment over systemic?

A

avoid systemic toxicity

50
Q

how do you choose which antimicrobial to use when treating an eye infection?

A

select based on suspected organism, gram stain, or culture

51
Q

Topical Antiviral agent

A

Gancyclovir

52
Q

Topical antifungal agent

A

Natamycin

53
Q

What would you use to tx fungal keratitis and conjunctavitis

A

Natamycin

54
Q

Topical anesthetic for the eye?

A

Proparacaine

55
Q

What is the MOA of Proparacaine

A

Blocks Na+ channels to prevent axonal depolarization

56
Q

When is proparacine commonly used

A

To dec. corneal sensation to allow dx evaluation

Pharmacology 1 (22 decks)

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