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Pharmacology 1 > Exam 2: Analgesics 3 > Flashcards

Exam 2: Analgesics 3 Flashcards

1
Q

At lest 20 Distinct alkaloids are derived from the juice of the poppy

A

Opium

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2
Q

Group of mainly synthetic agents that act at opioid receptors to produce analgesic effcts

A

Opiod Drugs

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3
Q

Naturally occuring drugs extracted from opium

A

Opiates

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4
Q

Analgesia and stupor bordering on general anesthesia

A

Narcosis

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5
Q

Analgesia and annesic state produced by administration of a neuroleptic and narcotic

A

Neuroleptanalgesia

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6
Q

Opiods have effects on which parts of the nociception pathway

A
  1. perception
  2. Transduction
  3. Modulation
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7
Q

What are the 3 types of receptors that opiods act on?

A
  1. mu
  2. Kappa
  3. Delta
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8
Q

Where are opioid receptors located?

A

brain and SC

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9
Q

What are the endogenous ligands for Mu receptors?

A

B endrophins and endomorphins

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10
Q

What are the main effects of mu receptors?

A

Analgesia, sedation, respiratory, and GI depression

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11
Q

What is the endoenous ligand for kappa receptors?

A

Dynorphin

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12
Q

What is the main effects of kappa receptors

A

Analgesia and sedation

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13
Q

Where are mu receptors located

A

Brain, SC, joint capsules

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14
Q

What is the purpose of mu-1 receptors?

A

Supraspinal analgesia

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15
Q

What is the purpose of mu-2 receptors?

A

spinal analgesia

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16
Q

Which opioid receptor is weakly affected by opioid dugs?

A

kappa

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17
Q

Which opioid receptor causes euphoria

A

Mu

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18
Q

Which opioid receptor causes GI motility

A

Mu and kappa

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19
Q

Which opioid receptor causes CV depression

A

Delta

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20
Q

What are the 6 Full Mu agonist opioids?

A
  1. Morphine
  2. Oxymorphine
  3. Hydromorphone
  4. Methadone
  5. Fentanyl
  6. Remifentanil
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21
Q

What is the one full Mu antagonist?

A

Noloxone

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22
Q

What is the one partial Mu agonist?

A

Buprenorphine

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23
Q

What is the one mixed agonist-antagonist?

A

Butorphanol

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24
Q

What are the 2 special opioids?

A
  1. Tramadol

2. Hydrocodone

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25
Q

Explain controlled drug scheduling

A

1-5

1 is the most controlled

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26
Q

What schedule of controlled drug is opioids?

A

2-4

2: full mu agonists
3: buprenorphine
4: tramadol

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27
Q

T/F. opioids can cross the BBB but not the placenta.

A

F. Can cross both

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28
Q

How are opioids metabolized and excreted?

A

conjugation to glucuronic acid and excreted in urine

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29
Q

how do opioids effect thermoregulation in dogs? in cats?

A 
Dog= Hypothermia
Cat= Hyperthermia
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30
Q

Opioids cause Miosis (constriction) is what spp, and Mydriasis (Dilation) in what spp?

A

Miosis in dogs

Mydriasis in cats

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31
Q

How do opioids effect the Respiratory system>

A

Dose dependent respiratory depression

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32
Q

What resp. sign can be seen in dogs at therapeutic doses?

A

panting

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33
Q

What are the CV effects caused by opioid use?

A

Minimal

Brady cardia and hypotension due to vasodilation

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34
Q

GI symptoms of Opioid use

A

Nausea, vomiting, regurgitation salivation, ileus, Constipation

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35
Q

Hydromorphone is associated with what GI symptome

A

Nausea

36
Q

T/F Methadone is highly emetogenic (induce v+)

A

F. less

37
Q

Emetic of choice in dogs

A

Apomorphine

38
Q

T/F Apomorphine is toxic to cats

A

T

39
Q

Apomorphine acts on which receptor?

A

D2

40
Q

Opioid effect on urinary system

A

Urinary retention

41
Q

Opioid effect on immune system

A

Histamine release

42
Q

T/F. Opioids offer excellent visceral analgesia

A

T

43
Q

T/F. Opioids are used in epidurals

A

T

44
Q

Agonism of which receptors causes the most sedative effects

A

kappa

45
Q

Which opioids can be antitussive

A

Butrophanol, hydrocodone

46
Q

What is the MOA of opioids?

A

inhibit Substance P

47
Q

Which full Mu Agonist is a prototypical analgesic

A

Morphine

48
Q

What is the risk of morphine in dogs

A

histamine release

49
Q

Why would you pick hydromorphone over morphine?

A

less histamine release

50
Q

Similar to hydromorphone but less emetogenic

A

Oxymorphone

51
Q

Opioid that causes smooth sedation in cats and pedeatric patients

A

Oxymorphone

52
Q

Used as alternative opioid in pre-anesthetic and analgesia protocols in dogs and cats

A

Methadone

53
Q

Why would you pick Methadone over Morphine?

A
  1. Less hist. release

2. less GI signs (V+)

54
Q

Why might you pick morphine over methadone?

A

more sedation with Morphine

55
Q

Potent, short acting opioid that can be used CRI

A

Fentanyl

56
Q

Similar to fentanyl but more potent

A

Remifentanil

57
Q

What is the shortest acting opioid

A

Remifentanil

58
Q

Semisynthetic partial mu agonist

A

Buprenorphine

59
Q

Which opioid experiences the celing effect

A

Buprenorphine

60
Q

T/F. Buprenorphine strongly binds to receptors at every site

A

F. not at every site

61
Q

T/F Buprenorphine has less apparent adverse side effects than full mu agonists

A

T

62
Q

What is the mixed opioid recptor agonist-antagonist we talked about?

A

Butorphanol

63
Q

What is the MOA of Butorphanol

A

Synthetic kappa agonist and mu antagonist

64
Q

T/F Butorphanol has less of an analgesic profile than pure mu agonists

A

T

65
Q

Butorphanol works better for visceral or somatic pain?

A

visceral

66
Q

T/F. Butorphanol can be used as a antitussive

A

T

67
Q

T/F Butorphanol can be used as anxiety relief and sedation which facilitates airway relaxation and breathing

A

T

68
Q

What is the full opioid mu receptor antagonist we talked about in class?

A

naloxone

69
Q

What is the MOA of naloxone

A

competitive mu receptor antagonist

70
Q

What is naloxone used for>

A

reversal of opioid induced adverse effects

71
Q

T/F. Naloxone will reverse analgesic effects of opioids

A

T

72
Q

What are the 2 special opioids we talked about?

A

Tramadol

Hydrocodone

73
Q

What DEA schedule is Tramadol?

A

4

74
Q

What is the MOA of Tramadol

A

Weak opioid mu agonist

75
Q

Tramadol inhibits ____ and ____ reuptake

A

Serotonin and NE

76
Q

T/F. Tramadol increases an animals seizure threshold?

A

F. lowers

77
Q

Hydrocodone is a DEA schedule _ drug

A

2

78
Q

Semisynthetic opioid used mostly as an antitussive

A

Hydrocodone

79
Q

What is apomorphine used for?

A

emetic in dogs

80
Q

T/F. Apomorphine is used as an emetic in cats

A

F. Toxic to cats

81
Q

Can you give opioids to dogs with ileus

A

NO

82
Q

T/F. Full mu agonists can be fully reversed

A

T

83
Q

T/F. Hypothermia in cats is common after opioid use

A

F. Hyperthermia!!!!!

84
Q

Rank the opioid agonist based on their ability to provide analgesia

A

Mu > kappa

85
Q

Which opioid receptor provides the best sedation

A

kappa

Pharmacology 1 (22 decks)

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