Exam 2: Analgesics 4: Neuroleptics

Question 1

What are the 2 Categories of Neuroleptics

Answer 1

1. Phenothiazines

2. Benzodiqazepines

Question 2

What is the phenothiazine derivative we learned about

Answer 2

Acepromazine

Question 3

What are the two subcategories of Benzodiazepine derivatives and what are the drugs in those categories?

Answer 3

1. Agonists
Diazepam
Midazolam
Alprazolam
2. Antagonists
Flumazenil

Question 4

Induces a state of behavioral change wherein anxiety is relieved and the patient is relaxed although aware of the surroundings

Answer 4

Neuroleptic

Question 5

Induces a state characterized by CNS depression and drowsiness, decreased awareness of surroundings

Answer 5

Sedativ

Question 6

Induces sleep

Answer 6

Hypnotic

Question 7

Attenuate nociceptive input leading to reduction in pain sensation

Answer 7

Analgesics

Question 8

Dec. central sensitization to pain

Answer 8

Antihyperxalgesics

Question 9

Diminished ability to perceive pain

Answer 9

Antinociception

Question 10

Induces analgesia and stupor bordering on general anesthesia

Answer 10

Narcotic

Question 11

Analgesia and amnesic state produced by admin of a neuroleptic and narcotic

Answer 11

Neuroleptanalgesia

Question 12

What are the 4 consederations when creating a sedation plan?

Answer 12

1. Anti-convulsant
2. Sedation
3. m. relaxation
4. Analgesia

Question 13

What are the 2 categories of CNS neurotransmitters

Answer 13

1. Excitetory NTs

2. Inhibitory NTs

Question 14

What is the NMDA receptor for CNS

Answer 14

Glutamate

Question 15

Where do neuroleptics act on the nociception pathway?

Answer 15

1. Perception (B and P)

2. Modulation ( B only)

Question 16

What are the 4 main effects of Neuroleptics

Answer 16

1. Sedation & hypnosis
2. Emotional Quietness
3. Dissociation from surroundings
4. m relaxation

Question 17

T/F. Neuroleptics are not considered true anesthetics

Answer 17

T. have anesthetic effects

Question 18

What is the most commonly used neuroleptic

Answer 18

Acepromazine

Question 19

What spp. can have acepromazine

Answer 19

Horse, dog, cat

Question 20

T/F. Acepromazine is a controlled substance

Answer 20

F

Question 21

What is the MOA of Acepromazine

Answer 21

Competitive antagonist of Central Dopamine receptors and Alpha 2 receptors

Question 22

Acepromazine blocks central Excitatory/inhibitory Dopamine receptors

Answer 22

Excitatory

Question 23

T/F. Acepromazine works on the Vomiting center

Answer 23

T

Question 24

T/F. Oral bioavailability of Acepromazine is high in dogs

Answer 24

F. Low

40%

Question 25

T/F. Acepromazine can cross the BBB

Answer 25

T

Question 26

Where is Acepromazine Metabolized?

Answer 26

Liver

Question 27

Where is Acepromazine excreted

Answer 27

Urine

Question 28

What is the most common affect of Acepromazine on the CNS

Answer 28

Sedation/neuroleptic effects

Question 29

T/F. Acepromazine is given to patients to induce vomiting?

Answer 29

F. Anti-emetic

Question 30

What is the MOA of Acepromazine on the CVS?

Answer 30

Alpha 1 receptor antagonism

Question 31

What are the effects of Acepromazine on the CVS

Answer 31

Peripheral vasodilation leading to hypotension

Question 32

What breeds are sensitive to the CV effects of Acepromazine

Answer 32

Boxers/Bracycephalics, Herding breeds, large breeds, sighthounds

Question 33

T/F. Acepromazine is Prohibited in Food animals

Answer 33

T

Question 34

What is the MOA of Benzodiazepine Derivitives

Answer 34

GABA receptor competitive agonism

Question 35

What is the main inhibitory NT of the CNS

Answer 35

GABA

Question 36

T/F. Benzodiazepine derivatives can cross the BBB

Answer 36

T

Question 37

Which benzodiazepine derivative has the longest duration of Action

Answer 37

Alprazolam

Question 38

Where are Benzodiazepine derivatives metabolized

Answer 38

Liver

Question 39

T/F Diazepam cannot be given IV

Answer 39

F. Cannot be given IM

Question 40

Why cant you give oral Diazepam to cats?

Answer 40

causes hepatic necrosis

Question 41

Which Benzodiazepine Derivative can be given as an anti-convulsant

Answer 41

Midazolam

Question 42

Which Benzodiazepine Derivative is the choice to give to dogs during thunder storms

Answer 42

Alprazolam

Question 43

What are the Neuroleptic effects of Benzodiazepine derivatives

Answer 43

Anxiolytics

Question 44

T/F. Benzodiazepine derivatives are commonly given for sedation

Answer 44

F. Not good on own

Question 45

Indicated for specific reversal of benzodiazepine receptor agonist

Answer 45

Flumazenil

Question 46

What is the MOA of Flumazenil

Answer 46

Competitive antagonism binds and inactivates Benzodiazepine binding site on GABA receptor

Question 47

T/F. Benzodiazepines are often Most reliable as sedatives in very young, very old, or very sick patients

Answer 47

T

Question 48

T/F. Acepromazine has tranquilizing and analgesic effects

Answer 48

F

Question 49

What is the most important Cardiovascular side effect of acepromazine

Answer 49

Hypotension

Question 50

Why is oral Diazepam contraindicated in cats

Answer 50

Hepatotoxicity