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Pharmacology 1 > Exam 2: Analgesics 4: Neuroleptics > Flashcards

Exam 2: Analgesics 4: Neuroleptics Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 Categories of Neuroleptics

A
  1. Phenothiazines

2. Benzodiqazepines

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2
Q

What is the phenothiazine derivative we learned about

A

Acepromazine

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3
Q

What are the two subcategories of Benzodiazepine derivatives and what are the drugs in those categories?

A 
1. Agonists
Diazepam
Midazolam
Alprazolam
2. Antagonists
Flumazenil
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4
Q

Induces a state of behavioral change wherein anxiety is relieved and the patient is relaxed although aware of the surroundings

A

Neuroleptic

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5
Q

Induces a state characterized by CNS depression and drowsiness, decreased awareness of surroundings

A

Sedativ

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6
Q

Induces sleep

A

Hypnotic

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7
Q

Attenuate nociceptive input leading to reduction in pain sensation

A

Analgesics

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8
Q

Dec. central sensitization to pain

A

Antihyperxalgesics

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9
Q

Diminished ability to perceive pain

A

Antinociception

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10
Q

Induces analgesia and stupor bordering on general anesthesia

A

Narcotic

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11
Q

Analgesia and amnesic state produced by admin of a neuroleptic and narcotic

A

Neuroleptanalgesia

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12
Q

What are the 4 consederations when creating a sedation plan?

A
  1. Anti-convulsant
  2. Sedation
  3. m. relaxation
  4. Analgesia
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13
Q

What are the 2 categories of CNS neurotransmitters

A
  1. Excitetory NTs

2. Inhibitory NTs

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14
Q

What is the NMDA receptor for CNS

A

Glutamate

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15
Q

Where do neuroleptics act on the nociception pathway?

A
  1. Perception (B and P)

2. Modulation ( B only)

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16
Q

What are the 4 main effects of Neuroleptics

A
  1. Sedation & hypnosis
  2. Emotional Quietness
  3. Dissociation from surroundings
  4. m relaxation
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17
Q

T/F. Neuroleptics are not considered true anesthetics

A

T. have anesthetic effects

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18
Q

What is the most commonly used neuroleptic

A

Acepromazine

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19
Q

What spp. can have acepromazine

A

Horse, dog, cat

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20
Q

T/F. Acepromazine is a controlled substance

A

F

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21
Q

What is the MOA of Acepromazine

A

Competitive antagonist of Central Dopamine receptors and Alpha 2 receptors

22
Q

Acepromazine blocks central Excitatory/inhibitory Dopamine receptors

A

Excitatory

23
Q

T/F. Acepromazine works on the Vomiting center

A

T

24
Q

T/F. Oral bioavailability of Acepromazine is high in dogs

A

F. Low

40%

25
Q

T/F. Acepromazine can cross the BBB

A

T

26
Q

Where is Acepromazine Metabolized?

A

Liver

27
Q

Where is Acepromazine excreted

A

Urine

28
Q

What is the most common affect of Acepromazine on the CNS

A

Sedation/neuroleptic effects

29
Q

T/F. Acepromazine is given to patients to induce vomiting?

A

F. Anti-emetic

30
Q

What is the MOA of Acepromazine on the CVS?

A

Alpha 1 receptor antagonism

31
Q

What are the effects of Acepromazine on the CVS

A

Peripheral vasodilation leading to hypotension

32
Q

What breeds are sensitive to the CV effects of Acepromazine

A

Boxers/Bracycephalics, Herding breeds, large breeds, sighthounds

33
Q

T/F. Acepromazine is Prohibited in Food animals

A

T

34
Q

What is the MOA of Benzodiazepine Derivitives

A

GABA receptor competitive agonism

35
Q

What is the main inhibitory NT of the CNS

A

GABA

36
Q

T/F. Benzodiazepine derivatives can cross the BBB

A

T

37
Q

Which benzodiazepine derivative has the longest duration of Action

A

Alprazolam

38
Q

Where are Benzodiazepine derivatives metabolized

A

Liver

39
Q

T/F Diazepam cannot be given IV

A

F. Cannot be given IM

40
Q

Why cant you give oral Diazepam to cats?

A

causes hepatic necrosis

41
Q

Which Benzodiazepine Derivative can be given as an anti-convulsant

A

Midazolam

42
Q

Which Benzodiazepine Derivative is the choice to give to dogs during thunder storms

A

Alprazolam

43
Q

What are the Neuroleptic effects of Benzodiazepine derivatives

A

Anxiolytics

44
Q

T/F. Benzodiazepine derivatives are commonly given for sedation

A

F. Not good on own

45
Q

Indicated for specific reversal of benzodiazepine receptor agonist

A

Flumazenil

46
Q

What is the MOA of Flumazenil

A

Competitive antagonism

binds and inactivates Benzodiazepine binding site on GABA receptor

47
Q

T/F. Benzodiazepines are often Most reliable as sedatives in very young, very old, or very sick patients

A

T

48
Q

T/F. Acepromazine has tranquilizing and analgesic effects

A

F

49
Q

What is the most important Cardiovascular side effect of acepromazine

A

Hypotension

50
Q

Why is oral Diazepam contraindicated in cats

A

Hepatotoxicity

Pharmacology 1 (22 decks)

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