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Pharmacology 1 > Exam 2: Endocrine drugs > Flashcards

Exam 2: Endocrine drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What is the goal of therapy of hypothyroidism in dogs>

A

Replace hormone the body is not producing

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2
Q

How is levothyroxine typically dosed>

A

mg/kg

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3
Q

How is levothyroxine dosed in large dogs

A

mg/m^2

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4
Q

How do you monitor Levothyroxine levels ind dogs

A

Measure T4 levels

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5
Q

What is the goal of thearapy of Hyperthyroidism in cats

A

Stop excessive hormone production

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6
Q

What are the 4 therapy options for tx of hyperthyroidism in cats

A
  1. Sx
  2. Radioactive iodine
    3 Diet
  3. Methimazole
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7
Q

What is the MOA of methimazole

A

Inhibit thyroid hormone synthesis

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8
Q

C/S of acute hypocalcemia

A
  1. Tremors
  2. Pawing at face
  3. Flaccid paralysis
  4. Seizures
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9
Q

What is an example of acute hypocalcemia in cows

A

Milk fever/eclampsia

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10
Q

What is the therapeutic goal of acute hypocalcemia

A

replace the calcium deficit until the patient can catch up

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11
Q

What are the 2 options for tx of acute hypocalcemia

A
  1. Ca Gluconate

2. Ca Chloride

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12
Q

Which tx option of acute hypocalcemia can never be given SQ or IM due to its caustic nature

A

Ca Chloride

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13
Q

T/F. Ca Gluconate should be diluted if given SQ

A

T

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14
Q

Why must you monitor Ca administration with ECG

A

Can cause arrhythmias if given too quickly

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15
Q

What are the 2 tx options for Chronic Hypocalcemia (Hypoparathyroidism)

A
  1. Ca Carbonate

2. Ca Propionate

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16
Q

_____ results in inability of the body to convert Vit. D to its active form (calcitriol)

A

Hypoparathyroidism

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17
Q

The most potent, activated form of Vit. D

A

Calcitriol

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18
Q

What is the best choice for parenteral tx of acute hypocalcemia?

A

Ca Gluconate

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19
Q

Mobilizes glucose from liver stores

A

Glucagon

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20
Q

What is the primary goal of therapy for DM?

A

Address the insulin deficiency, not just to bring down the blood glucose

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21
Q

Produced by the beta cells in the islets of langehans in the endocrine pancrease

A

Insulin

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22
Q

What are the 3 categoris of insulin

A
  1. Short- acting
  2. intermediate -acting
  3. Long- acting
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23
Q

What type of inlsulin in in the short acting category

A

Regular insulin

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24
Q

WHat is regular insulin used for?

A

hospitalized patients

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25
Q

What is the only type of insulin that can go IV

A

Regular

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26
Q

What type of insulin is in the intermediate category

A

NPH

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27
Q

What is added to intermediate insulin that delays absorption to extend clinical effect

A

Zinc

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28
Q

What type of insulin is in the long acting category

A

PZI

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29
Q

Oral medication used to tx Diabetes in cats

A

Glipizide

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30
Q

What are the 2 types of corticosteroids?

A
  1. Glucocorticoids

2. Mineralcorticoids

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31
Q

Where are Glucocorticoids produced

A

Zona Fasiculata

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32
Q

Where are Mineralcorticoids produced?

A

Zonaglomerulosa

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33
Q

What is the endogenous hormone of Glucocorticoids

A

Cortisol

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34
Q

What is the goal of Glucocorticoids

A 
suppress IR
Inc. Ca excretion
Dec. fever
Allergies
Anti-inflam
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35
Q

What dz. does Glucocorticoid tx treat?

A

Hypoadrenocorticism

36
Q

What are the 4 Glucocorticoids?

A
  1. Prednisone
  2. Dexamethasone
  3. Triamcinolone
  4. Methylprednisolone
37
Q

What are thee 4 clinical uses of Glucocorticoids?

A
  1. Diagnostic testing
  2. Physiologic replacement therapy
  3. Anti-inflam
  4. Immunosuppressive
38
Q

What are the 2 salt esters that can be added to glucocorticoids to inc. stabilization

A

Succinate and phosphate

39
Q

What are the 3 insoluble esters that can be added to glucocorticoids to inc. stabilization?

A

Pivalate
Acetate
acetonide

40
Q

What makes glucocorticoids suitable for Iv admin?

A

succinate and phosphate

41
Q

T/F. Na succinate and Na phosphate offers a faster onset and longer duration to glucocorticoids

A

F. onset is faster, but duration is unchanged

42
Q

Sodium phsphate is known as:

A

Dexamethasone

43
Q

Sodium succinate is known as: Methylprednisolone

A

Methylprednisolone

44
Q

which glucocorticoid has the longest duration of effect? which has the Shortest?

A

Longest: Triamcinolone
Shortest: Prednisolone

45
Q

What are the 2 mineralocorticoids

A
  1. DOCP

2. Fludrocortisone

46
Q

What is the Endogenous hormone of mineralocorticoids

A

Aldosterone

47
Q

What do mineralocorticoids do?

A

Regulate Na retention and K excretion by the kidney

48
Q

cushings Dz

A

Hyperadrenocorticism

49
Q

Addison’s Dz

A

hypoadrenocorticism

50
Q

What are the 2 ways you can develop cushings Dz

A
  1. Adrenal cortex mass

2. Pituitary mass

51
Q

Cytotoxic to adrenal fasciculata cells

52
Q

T/F. when using Mitotane you should start with a low dose and gradually inc. it?

A

F. start with high dose and gradually lower

53
Q

How do you monitor Mitotane?

A

ACTH stim test

54
Q

What is the MOA of Trilostane?

A

Inhibits enzymes of the cortisol production pathway

55
Q

Most commonly used drug to tx cushing’s dz

A

Trilostane

56
Q

How do you monitor Trilostane

57
Q

What is the moa of Ketoconazole?

A

inhibit enzymes in the steroid synthesis pathway

58
Q

What two drugs target the anterior pituitary in Cushings tx

A
  1. Pergolide

2. Selegiline

59
Q

What is the moa of pergolide

A

Dopamine agonist, suppress production of ACTH

60
Q

What does Peroglide tx in horses

A

PPID (pituitary Pars intermedia dysfuncion)

61
Q

What is the moa of selegiline

A

Inhibits MAO-B which inc. dopamine

62
Q

What drug can you use to tx ccd

A

Selegiline

63
Q

what are the 2 types of Addison’s Dz

A
  1. Typical

2. atypical

64
Q

What is typical addison’s dz?

A

Lacking both glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids

65
Q

how do you tx typical addison’s

A

prednisone and either DOCP or Fludrocortisone

66
Q

what is Atypical addison’s

A

Lacking only glucocorticoids

67
Q

How do you Tx atypical addison’s

A

Prednisone

68
Q

Sodium ____ is an excipient that will make glucocorticoid soluble but will not alter its duration of action

69
Q

A hormone that inc. blood glucose through its action on the liver

70
Q

____ and vetsulin are both intermediate acting insulin types

71
Q

Ca ____ should only be given IV due to its irritating nature

72
Q

An oral anti-diabetic drug that can be used in cats

73
Q

Pergolide is uded in horse to tx PPID b/c it is an agonist at _____ receptors

74
Q

PZI, glargine and detemir are all considered _____ acting

75
Q

This drug blocks 3-B hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in the adrenal gland, reducing cortisol production

A

Trilostane

76
Q

The specific protein carrier for glucocorticoids?

A

Transcortin

77
Q

Detemir is _x more potent than other insulins when used in dogs

78
Q

DOCP and Fludrocortisone are used to minic the effects of this endogenous hormone

A

Aldosterone

79
Q

The most potent form of vit D. used in tx of hypoparathyroidism

A

Calcitriol

80
Q

Veterinary and human insulins have diff _____

A

Concentration

81
Q

If giving dextrose as a contiuous infusion, conc. greater than 5% can lead to ____

A

Phlebitis (irritation)

82
Q

Felimazole and Tapazole are products which contain the active ingredient

A

Methimazole

83
Q

This drug is cytotoxic to the faciculata cells of the adrenal cortex

84
Q

_____ insulin is the shortest acting and can be given IV

85
Q

Glucocorticoids, phenobarbital, quinidine, and certain other durgs can alter ____ values on labwork.

86
Q

Overdosing levothyroxine chronically can lead to this

A

Thyrotoxicosis (excessive T4)

Pharmacology 1 (22 decks)

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