Exam 1 Drugs Flashcards
WHat drug would you use to tx Feline lower urinary tract Dz
Prazosin
WHat are the 3 amides
- lidocaine
- bupivacaine
- mepivacaine
What is the MOA of amantadine
analgesic effects are through NMDA receptor antagonism
List some precautions of Selective Beta 2 agonists
Tachycardia
Uterine relaxation
What is the MOA of Nor Epi
Direct acting catecholamine sympathomimetic
What are the precautions of phenoxybenzamine
excessive alpha blockage leading to hypotension and reflex tachycardia
MOA of Oxybutynin and propantheline
Direct acting parasympatholytic muscarinic receptor competitive antagonist
What is the most important toxicity associated with acetaminophen
Methemoglobinemia
Who has a longer half life amides or esters
Amides 2-6hrs
What is the MOA of reserpine
Blocks NE uptake into vesicles wich reduces storate of NE and leads to mediator depletion
What is the MOA of gabapentin
Altering calcium influx in neuronal cells
What are the 2 categories of local anesthetics
amides and esters
which of the local anestetics is the most cardiotoxic
bupivicaine
list the contraindication s of atropine
glaucoma
tachycardia
hypothermic brady cardic
gi dz
selective b2 agonist, used in Sm An Med, that comes in tab, or inj
Terbutaline
What is the MOA of Epinephrine
Direct acting catecholamine sympathomimetic
competitive agonism at all A and B adrenergic receptors
Swine antipyretic for swine respiratory DZ
Flunixin meglumine
What is the moa of phenylephrine
Direct acting alpha 1 selective agonist
What is the MOA of dobutamine
Direct acting catecholamine sympathomimetic
synthetic beta 1 agonist
T/F you don’t give Naproxin or phenylbutazone to cats
T
post-arrest vasopressor of choice
Dopamine
Generally used to tx tachyarrhythmias
Propranolol
What is the MOA of phenylbutazone
Non-selective COX inhibitor
A less common adjunctive analgesic in small animals
Amantadine
Why give estrogen with phenylproanolamine
Up reg. alpha 1 receptors
Precautions of NE
Cardiac arrhythmia
What is the MOA of Acetaminophen
interferes wiht conversion of endoperoxidases to other PGs and TX
what is the primary use for selective Beta 2 agonists
Bronchodilators in tx of lower airway dz
Precautions for bethanechol
SLUDD
What is the MOA of Flunixin MEglumine
Non-Selective COX inhibitor
most potent vasopressor
NE
Part of symptomatic tx plan for dysautonomia
Bethanechol
Can propantheine cross the bbb
no
Catecholamine: Potent non specific beta agonist
Isoproterenol
contraindications of phenylephrine
Renal and GI vasoconstriction may be undesirable,
no beta 2 effects so vasoconstriction may be severe
Does glycopyrrolate cross the BBB
No
What is the MOA of Prazosin
sympatholytic alpha 1 receptor agonist
Drug used to control neuropathic pain
Gabapentin (most common)
amantadine (less common)
GI or urinary antispasmodic causing relaxation of the detrussor m.
Oxybutynin and propantheline
Contraindications of pyridostigmine
SLUDD
Local analgesics have effects on which parts of the nociception pathway?
modulation
transduction
transmission
Low dose dopamine
Dopamine agonist
What drug binds irreversibly to its receptors
Phenoxybenzamine
Treats rumen atony
Neostimine
What is the MOA of propranolol
Non- selective/ non specific beta antagonist
Treatment of musculoskeletal pain in horses
Phenylbutazone
What is the MOA of pyridostigmine
Indirect acting parasympathomimetic Ach-ase antagonist
drug that dec. SA node firing causing bradycardia and dec. AV conduction causing a dec. in CO
Propranolol
What class is grapiprant in?
Piprants
The main activity of NE is though ____ agonism mostly
A1
Used in sm an med to tx urinary retention due to urethral hypertonicit
Prazosin
Analgesic for visceral pain in cattle
Flunixin MEglumine
T/F cats are extremely sensitive to acetaminiphen
T
may cause reflex bradycardia
phenylephrine
Used for maintenance fo MG
Pyridostigmine
hat is the MOA of phenoxybenzamine
Non-specific alpha antagonist
ultra short acting beta 1 antagonisst
Esmolol
Tx of bradyarrhythmias, cardiac arrest, and reduces resp and GI secretions
Atropine
Used in CRI to maintain blood pressure under anesthesia
Ephedrine
T/F Epi is a positive ionotrope
T
MOA of ISoproterenol
Direct Acting Catecholamine sympathomimetic
TOC of detrusor m. atony
Bethanechol
Beta 1
Myocardium and adipose
inc. HR
inc. Contractility
INC renin and BP
T/F Flunixin MEguline cannot be given IM in horses
T
MOA of Glycopyrrolate
Direct acting parasympatholytic muscarinic receptor competitive antagonist
WHich is more specific for alpha 1 blockage phenoxybenzamine or prazosin
Prazosin
who has a quicker onset of action lidocaine or bupivicaine
bupivicaine
What are the 3 reversible anticholinesterases
- Neostigmine
- Pyridostigmine
- Edrophonium
can oxybutynin cross the bBB
yes
drug used in cardiopulmonary arest as well as anaphylaxis
Epi
Tx o fanesthesia associated hypotesion where ionotropic support is indicated to maintain cardiac output and tissue perfusion
Dobutamine
Perfered local anesthetic for infusion through thoracocostomy tubes or wound soaker catheters
Bupivicaine
NSAIDS target which parts of the nociception pathway
Transduction and Modulation
Reversal agent of choice for reversal of Competitive NMB
Neostigine
Tx of hypotension due to inadequate vascular tone
Dopamine
What is the MOA of Atenolol and Esmolol
Sympathetolytic beta 1 receptor antagonist
What are the benefits of systemic admin of lidocaine
Antiarrhythmic preanestesia analgesic and anti inflam properties antioxident properties stim. intestinal motility
vasopressor support
dopamine
Analgesic for colic and endotoxemia in horsed
Flunixin Meglumine
Comparative duration of action of local analgesics from shortest to longest
Lidocaine < Mepivicaine < Bupivicaine
What is the Selective COX 1 inhibitor
Asparin
MOA of Edrophonium
Indirect acting parasympathomimetic Ach-ase antagonist
What are some precautions of phenylproanolamine
urinary retention
tachycardia
hypertension
where are esters metabolised
hydrolized by plasma esterases
drug with cardiac stimulatory effects and bronchodilation
Isoproterenol
reduces cholinergic adverse effects of imidocarb in horses
Glycopyrrolate
Medium dopamine
Beta 1 agonist, positive inotrope and chronotrope
In what spp is Phenylbutazone commonly used?
horse
D2 receptors
n. terminals
glomeruli
adrenal cortex
indirect vasodilation
Acts by directly stimulating detrusor m. contraction
Bethanechol
What are the 2 Non-selective COX 1 and COX 2 inhibitors
- Phenylbutazone
2. Flunixin meglumine
What is the MOA of Bethanechol
Direct acting parasympathomimetic
muscarinic receptor agonist
Used for diagnostic nerve blocks in horses and for epidurals
Mepivicaine
COX 2 inhibitor that comes in an oral paste for horses
Firocoxib
used in dogs and cats to tx hypotension
phenylephrine
Alpha 1 receptor
vasoconstriction
inc. bp
sphincter contracton
What are the 4 direct acting parasympatholytics
Atropine
Glycopyrrolate
oxybutynin
propntheline
Drug used for canine and feline compulsive disorders, and birds to tx feather picking
Clomipramine
T/F you can give the human oral solution of gabapentin to dogs
F contains xylitol
Which has a longer half life propranolol or atenolol
atenolol
T/F Acetaminophen inhibits COX 1
F. nothing to do with cox
which drug is contraindicated with left atrial rupture
Dobutamine
Tensilon test
Edrophonium
Increases peripheral vascular resistance through systemic vasoconstriction
Phenylephrine
list some precautions of Epi
massive SNS output
inc myocardial workload
which NSAid has the longest half life in the dog naproxin melocxicam salicylate phenylbutaxone robenacoxib
naproxin
drug used to tx canine cognitive dysfunction and canine hyperadrenocorticism (cushings dz)
MAOIs
What is the onset and duration of Proparacaine
onset less than 30 sec
duration is 10 min
What is the MOA of reversible anticholinesterases
Competitive angagonism of acetylcholinesterase
Tx of Ach-ase inhibitor toxicity and cholinergic crisis
Atropine
High dose
Alpha 1 agonist, vasoconstriction
What is the MOA of Phenylproanolamine
(proin)
mixed Sympathomimetic
D: A1 agonist
I: Inc. NE in bladder and urethra
How long should you wait when switching from NSAID to corticosteroids
1-2 weeks
increases wt gaing in food animals
ractopamine and zilpaterol
Drug for tx of hypotension due to inadequate vascular tone
NE
Local anesthetic that comes in an ophthalmic solution
Proparacaine
What is the MOA of Ephedrine
Mixed Sympathomimetic
D: alpha 1 and beta 1 and some 2 agonism
I: inc NE release
D1 receptors
smooth m. of blood vessels
direct vasodilation
natriuresis
What is the MOA of Dopamine
Direct acting catecholamine sympathomimetic
acts on dopamine receptors with dose dependent effects on A and B
What is the main precaution of Phenylbutazone?
can mask lameness
List the Selective beta 2 agonists from most to least selective
albuterol> Terbutaline> Clenbuterol
What is the MOA of Neostigmine
Indirect acting parasympathomimetic acetylcholinesterase antagonist
Contraindications of Bethanechol
Urethral and GI obstruction
How is acetaminophen metabolized
Hepatic
give to hypersalivating animals
glycopyrrolate
What two spp are more sensitive to lidocaine
Cats and sheep
What is the use of local admin of lidocaine
regional and epidural anesthesia
dug often used in inhalers
Albuterol
______ is approved for single inj use in cats post OVH
Meloxicam
Approved for use in dogs for tx of osteoarthritis
meloxicam
precautions of Neostigmine
SLUDD signs
What is the MOA of Grapiprant
PGE2 EP4 receptor antagonist
What is the 1 ester
Proparacaine
Which NSAID has the longest half life in the cat naproxin meloxicam salicylate phenylbutaxone robenacoxib
salicylate
T/F phenylbutazone is commonly used to tx musculoskeletal pain in dairy cattle
F banned
Why would you choos atenolol over propranolol
lack of beta 2 effects so greater safety and less side effects
WHat drug do you give prior to phenochromocytoma sx
phenoxybenzamine
MOA of atropine
Direct acting parasympatholytic muscarinic receptor competitive antagonist
Lidocaine onset and duration of action
onset=5 min
dur= 40-60 min
Precautions of Edrophonium
SLUDD
What drug would you use to calm a horse
Reserpine
Drug used in dogs to treat urinary incontinence due to urethral sphincter hypotonus/incompetence
Phenylproanolamine
T/F you can give phenylbutazone either IM or SQ to horses
F. neither
Drug used in Sm. An. med. to treat urinary retention due to urethral hypertonicity by relaxing the internal sphincter
Phenoxybenzamine
increases GI motility, may aid in the treatment of some types of ileus such as seen with EGUS
Bethanechol
Drug that readily crosses the BBB and has a significan first pass effect
PRopranolol
slower onset of action but longer duration that atropine
Glycopyrrolate
How is gabapentin excreted
renal
Drug given in septic shoc
NE
What are the precautions of gabapentin
May cause sedation and ataxia
Neural sterroid used in dogs, cats, and horses
Gabapentin
Non-anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic
Acetaminophen
Uncommon Selective b2 agonist that is a vasodilator and uterine relaxant that is contraindicated in food animals
Clenbuterol
What are the 6 Selective COX-2 Inhibitor NSAIDs
- carprofen
- deracoxib
- Robenacoxib
- Firocoxib
- Meloxicam
6 Piroxicam
Drug used for the control of pain and inflam. associated with osteoarthritis in dogs
Grapiprant
Catecholamine use with anesthetics to produce regional vasoconstriction
Epi
What are the 3 selective beta 2 agonists
- albuterol
- clenbuterol
- terbutaline
Alpha 2
endocrine organs
dec. insulin
dec. renin
dec. NE release
dec. Pancreatic secretion
Contraindications of Neostigmne
Peritonitis
GI obstruction
UT obstruction
Abortion
Anti hyperalgesic drug
Gabapentin
Does Atropine cross the BB
Yes
what spp cannot have atropne
rabbits
what is the moa of Ractopamine and zilpaterol
non selective agonism of b1 2 and 3
Antiviral drug with NMDA receptor antagonist properties
Amantadine
Where are amides metabolized
Liver
