exam question prep Flashcards
Which description best describes what is happening in a fixed-interval scallop?
A) After the behavior is reinforced, it starts occurring very quickly then drops off towards the end of the interval
B) After the behavior is reinforced, it starts occurring very slowly, then gradually picks up towards the end of the interval
C) After the behavior is reinforced, it occurs at a smooth pace until the next reinforcer is delivered
D) After the behavior is reinforced, it starts occurring very quickly until the next reinforcer is delivered
B- starts off slow, then picks up speed and gets even faster
A teacher wants to teach a group of students to raise their hands and wait for their turn to speak during class discussions. She decides to use a group contingency program, where the entire group earns points whenever a select group of students engages in appropriate behavior. Which type of group contingency is the teacher implementing?
A) Independent group contingency
B) Interdependent group
contingency
C) Dependent group contingency
D) Intergroup contingency
Dependent group contingency- 1 person or a group meets criteria= everyone is rewarded
Susan, a BCBA, is working with Bailey, a nonverbal child who engages in self-injurious behavior when denied access to preferred items during communication attempts. Bailey has demonstrated strong motor ability by mastering several different motor imitation and listener responding targets. Susan decides to use a picture exchange communication system (PECS) to teach Bailey functional communication. What type of prompt fading strategy should Susan implement during PECS training?
A) Stimulus fading
B) Errorless learning with time delay prompt fading
C) Least-to-most prompt fading
D) Errorless learning with most-to-least physical prompt fading
B. Errorless learning with time delay prompt fading- providing least intrusive but effective prompt after a certain time delay. start with immediate reinforcement, then increase delay; reasoning client has motor abilities so we might not need physical prompts. we might be able to start with a less intrusive prompt- time delay.
e.g. “touch nose” -> prompt: model with 0s delay.
“touch nose” -> prompt: model with 3s delay
“touch nose” -> prompt: IND
A behavior analyst is working with a child who throws tantrums when denied access to preferred toys and the function has been confirmed to be access via an FA. During an observation with parents, the analyst noted that they implemented a schedule where, on average, every 5th instance of the tantrum results in access to the toy. What would we expect the tantrumming behavior to look like given this schedule of reinforcement?
A) Mild rates of the behavior evenly throughout the day
B) High rates of the behavior with few interruptions
C) High rates of the behavior with some pauses after getting the toy
D) Mild rates of the behavior with some longer pauses throughout the day
B. High rates of behavior with few interruptions
*this is a VR schedule, which produces high rate of responses with few pauses/no post reinforcement pause
Which of the following best describes reliability in measurement procedures?
A) The extent to which a measurement procedure accurately reflects the intended concept.
B) The consistency or stability of measurement results over time and across different observers.
C) The degree to which a measurement procedure yields similar results for different conditions.
D) The ability of a measurement procedure to capture all aspects of the target behavior.
B) The consistency or stability of measurement results over time and across different observers.
*reliable data=predictable and stable data
When using continuous measurement procedures, what is a potential advantage over discontinuous measurement?
A) Continuous measurement allows for more efficient data collection.
B) Continuous measurement provides a more detailed analysis of behavior patterns.
C) Continuous measurement reduces the risk of observer drift.
D) Continuous measurement is less susceptible to reactivity.
B. Continuous measurement provides a more detailed analysis of behavior patterns.
Which measurement procedure is most appropriate for recording the time it takes from the onset of a stimulus or cue to the initiation of a response?
A) Duration recording.
B) Interresponse time recording.
C) Latency recording.
D) Event recording.
C. Latency recording
In a behavior change program, data are collected during the baseline phase to:
A) Determine the effectiveness of the intervention.
B) Establish a stable and predictable level of behavior.
C) Identify potential reinforcers for the target behavior.
D) Determine the terminal performance criterion for the intervention.
B) Establish a stable and predictable level of behavior.
Trisha is using partial-interval recording to measure a child’s on-task behavior during a one-hour classroom observation. The observation period is divided into 10-minute intervals. What is a potential limitation of using this measurement procedure?
A) It may overestimate the actual duration of on-task behavior.
B) It requires the observer to continuously record behavior throughout the observation period.
C) It is not suitable for recording high-frequency behaviors.
D) It is challenging to graph and interpret the data.
A. It may overestimate the actual duration of on-task behavior.
Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) is best described as:
A) A practice that uses well-researched tactics to change socially valid behavior
B) An experimental form of research on behavioral techniques that reliably change socially valid behavior
C) An experimental form of research that is used to further advance the knowledge base of the principles of behavior
D) A counseling technique that emphasizes always using unconditional positive reinforcement
B) An experimental form of research on behavioral techniques that reliably change socially valid behavior
BCBA Jacque is conducting a functional behavior assessment (FBA) to determine the function of a child’s tantrum behavior. What data collection methods are most appropriate for the direct assessment?
A) Direct observation, interviews, and functional analysis.
B) Parent report, self-report, and indirect assessment.
C) Video recording, survey questionnaires, and event recording.
D) Frequency recording, duration recording, and partial interval recording
D) Frequency recording, duration recording, and partial interval recording
*the other choices included indirect assessments. we are looking for direct assessments only!
Which of the following is the best example of a mand?
A) A verbal response that elicits a particular consequence.
B) A non-vocal behavior that indicates a request for something.
C) A skill that a client has already mastered and can perform independently.
D) A verbal response that results in attention.
B. A non-vocal behavior that indicates a request for something.
*the term “elicit” is only correlated to respondent behavior. “evoke” is what we would use in this scenario for operant stimuli. TRICKY QUESTION
A BCBA is designing a behavior intervention plan for Emma, who exhibits aggressive behavior. The BCBA plans to use response cost as a consequence for Emma’s aggressive outbursts. Which example best describes response cost?
A) Increasing the token cost of items at the school store when she aggresses.
B) Removing a token following Emma’s aggressive behavior.
C) Removing her from the reinforcing environment after Emma’s aggressive behavior occurs.
D) Providing reinforcement for appropriate behaviors
B) Removing a token following Emma’s aggressive behavior.
*response cost= negative punishment; permanent removal of an item
*C is more of a time out procedure
Kendra is implementing an extinction procedure to decrease Mia’s tantrum behavior. What is the primary goal of using extinction?
A) To provide an alternative behavior that competes with Mia’s tantrum.
B) To gradually reduce the frequency of Mia’s tantrum behavior.
C) To eliminate the reinforcing consequences that maintain Mia’s tantrum.
D) To introduce a punishment consequence for Mia’s tantrum behavior.
C) To eliminate the reinforcing consequences that maintain Mia’s tantrum.
*cutting off reinforcement to decrease behavior
*A is more of a DRA
*B extinction works quickly, not gradually
*D extinction is not punishment
A BCBA is working with Noah, who has difficulty making friends and engaging in social interactions. The BCBA designs a social skills training program. Which teaching method would be most effective for this intervention?
A) Using punishment procedures to discourage inappropriate social behavior.
B) Utilizing respondent conditioning principles to increase social interactions.
C) Providing modeling, role-playing, and coaching to teach appropriate social behaviors to Noah.
D) Employing extinction procedures to decrease undesirable social behavior.
C) Providing modeling, role-playing, and coaching to teach appropriate social behaviors to Noah.
*A reinforcement should come before we resort to punishment
*B SOCIAL interactions are OPERANT behavior, not respondent!!
*D this option is only focusing on reducing and not increasing behavior
In the context of behavior assessment, what does the term “interobserver agreement” refer to?
A) The agreement between of the BCBA and the client (or client’s family) on treatment goals.
B) The agreement between different observers on the occurrence of the target behavior.
C) The agreement of different researchers on the data collection procedures to be used.
D) The agreement between different observers at different times collecting similar behavior data.
B) The agreement between different observers on the occurrence of the target behavior.
*C is more about validity than IOA
*D IOA must be recorded at the SAME time
In the context of reinforcement schedules, what is the main difference between fixed interval (FI) and variable interval (VI) schedules?
A) FI schedules provide reinforcement after a fixed number of time and responses, while VI schedules provide reinforcement for the first response after a variable number of responses and time.
B) FI schedules provide reinforcement after a fixed amount of time, while VI schedules provide reinforcement after a variable amount of time.
C) FI schedules provide reinforcement for the first response after a fixed amount of time, while VI schedules provide reinforcement for the first response after a variable amount of time.
D) FI schedules provide reinforcement after a fixed number of responses, while VI schedules provide reinforcement after a variable amount of responses.
C) FI schedules provide reinforcement for the first response after a fixed amount of time, while VI schedules provide reinforcement for the first response after a variable amount of time.
*interval=time, ratio=number of responses
A BCBA is conducting a functional analysis for Liam’s Screaming behavior. During the functional analysis, the BCBA runs a phase where Liam is given attention on an NCR schedule, no demands are provided, and he is given access to a preferred item if he screams. What function is this condition testing?
A) Attention
B) Escape/Demand
C) Access/Tangible
D) Automatic/Sensory
C) Access/Tangible
LeeAnn is working with Jamie, who engages in aggressive behavior during academic tasks. As the BCBA, she designs an intervention plan to increase compliance and task engagement. What should be the primary focus of the intervention plan?
A) To provide reinforcement before Jamie’s aggressive behavior to reduce its occurrence.
B) To use punishment to discourage Jamie’s aggressive behavior during academic tasks.
C) To identify and reinforce appropriate alternative behaviors to replace Jamie’s aggression while using extinction.
D) To use extinction whenever he is aggressive to decrease the behavior to 0.
C) To identify and reinforce appropriate alternative behaviors to replace Jamie’s aggression while using extinction.
*D whenever we decrease behavior we also want to provide the alternative behavior
When using the partial-interval recording measurement procedure, how is the behavior recorded if it occurs only for a brief time during the interval?
A) As an occurrence for that interval.
B) As a nonoccurrence for that interval.
C) As the total duration of the behavior during the interval.
D) As 1 occurrence of the behavior during the interval.
A) As an occurrence for that interval
Rob conducts a study where he observes behavior and documents what “self-injurious behavior” may commonly look like with individuals diagnosed with autism. Which level of scientific understanding did Rob achieve?
a. control
b. description
c. effective
d. prediction
control; the highest level of scientific understanding using functional relations in well controlled experiments.
Rob conducts a study following an ABAB design to measure if a DRA procedure would reduce the frequency of self-injurious behavior. Self-injurious behavior was reduced during all three phases after the initial baseline. When the study ended Rob discovered that the client started a medication change at the same time that the study began. Which level of scientific understanding did Rob demonstrate?
Control
None
Description
Prediction
None
goal of behavior analysis as a science
all are correct
description
control
prediction
all are correct
highest level of scientific understanding
description
prediction
control
all
control
John is a BCBA that just received a new client. The new client received services prior and already had a behavior intervention plan in place. John was able to read his prior behavior plan and know completely what interventions were being run before, to the extent he could replicate the interventions. This demonstrates which dimension of ABA?
Technological
Behavioral
Conceptually systematic
Effective
Technological
The BCBA wants to find out why a client is engaging in problem behavior. The BC distributes a questionnaire about the individual’s mood. He determines that the client is engaging in the problem behavior because the client’s mood is frequently poor. This violates which dimension of behavior?
Applied
Analytic
Effective
Behavioral
Behavioral
*Behavioral refers to a couple things.
First, behavior needs to be measurable. The observers need to know when the behavior happens with clear behavioral definitions. Second, we study behavior, not about behavior. If we want to improve behavior of an individual, we look at the specific behavior and the environment, not indirect measures such as questionnaires.
