Ch 15 Negative Punishment Flashcards
behavior reduction strategy in which therapist or caregiver deliberately withholds attention (a form of social reinforcement) following a specific behavior, in order to decrease that behavior’s future occurrence
-a form of extinction for behaviors
maintained by attention
-no eye contact, verbal responses, or facial expressions after the target behavior
planned ignoring
behavior-reduction procedure in which access to reinforcing activities, people, or environments is temporarily removed or restricted following a behavior, with the goal of decreasing the future frequency of that behavior
-negative punishment - removes access to reinforcing stimuli
e.g. child throws toy->child is removed from playtime for 2 minutes. ->if throwing decreases over time, then it is working as negative punishment
time-out from positive reinforcement (time out)
(2 types; nonexclusion time out & exclusion time out)
to end access to a particular reinforcing stimulus immediately following a behavior, with the goal of decreasing future occurrence of that behavior. a form of negative punishment, because a reinforcer is removed contingent on the behavior
-a particular reinforcer is removed (not all reinforcement) immediately after the behavior, and the behavior must decrease over time to be considered effective
-helps reduce problem behavior by making it less likely to access reinforcement
e.g. child demands attention inappropriately -> therapist ends a fun conversation or activity
student throws a magnatile -> magnatile is immediately removed
child grab’s someone else’s food -> therapist removes the grabbed food
terminate specific reinforcer contact
negative punishment procedure where a specific amount of a reinforcer is removed following a behavior, resulting in a decrease in future frequency of that or similar behavior
response cost
procedure where an individual is given extra reinforcers in advance, and those reinforcers are then removed contingent on problem behavior
-larger amount of reinforcement is delivered up front
-removals are contingent on specific behaviors (individual is aware of this)
-used to maintain positve tone while still applying negative punishment
bonus response cost
(variation of response cost procedure)
type of exclusion time-out procedure where the individual is not removed from the time-in environment, but is visually and/or physically separated from the reinforcing activities or group
-form of exclusionary time-out
-individual stays in the same room, but is restricted from interaction or access to reinforcement. often involves a barrier or designated time-out area
partition or select space time-out
type of time-out from positive reinforcement where the individual remains in the time-in environment, but is temporarily prevented from accessing reinforcement following a problem behavior
-individual is not removed from the setting
-access to reinforcement is withheld temporarily
-negative punishment
-less restrictive than exclusion or seclusion time-out
nonexclusion time-out
type of time-out from positive reinforcement in which the individual is physically removed from the reinforcing environment immediately following a problem behavior, with the goal of decreasing future occurrence of that behavior
-person is removed from the area
-negative punishment
-brief removal of access from reinforcing activities
exclusion time-out
non-exclusionary time-out procedure where the individual is moved to the side of an activity or group and allowed to observe but not participate. temporarily restricts access to reinforcement after problem behavior.
-individual stays within learning environment. they can see and hear the reinforcing activity but cant interact with it
-negative punishment
contingent observation
when a reinforcing stimulus is removed immediately after a behavior, decreasing future frequency of that behavior
negative punishment
