Ch 12 Negative Reinforcement

Question 1

naturally occurring aversive stimulus that, when removed following a behavior, increases future likelihood of that behavior

Answer 1

unconditioned negative reinforcer

Question 2

contingency in which a stimulus is removed immediately after a behavior, which leads to an increase in future occurence of that behavior

Answer 2

negative reinforcement

Question 3

contingency in which responses at any time during an interval prior to the scheduled onset of an aversive stimulus delays the presentation of the aversive stimulus (contrast to _________)

aka type of behavior in which a response prevents the presentation of an aversive stimulus, and the aversive event is not currently present when the behavior occurs. The individual can respond at any time and there are no explicit cues signaling when the aversive stimulus will occur

-the aversive stimulus is avoided entirely, not escaped
-there are no warning signals (SD)
-the behavior is maintained by negative reinforcement
-the individual can respond at any time

e.g. student studies regularly to avoid failing a test even though no test is currently scheduled. The behavior of studying is reinforced by avoiding future aversive consequence.

Answer 3

free-operant avoidance; contrast to discriminated operant

Question 4

contingency in which a response terminates an ongoing stimulus

Answer 4

escape contingency

Question 5

contingency in which responding in the presence of a signal prevents the onset of a stimulus from which escape is a reinforcer.

Answer 5

discriminated avoidance

Question 6

previously neutral stimulus that becomes aversive through learning, and its removal following a behavior increases the future likelihood of that behavior

Answer 6

conditioned negative reinforcer

Question 7

contingency in which a response prevents or postpones the presentation of a stimulus (compare to escape _____)

Answer 7

avoidance contingency