Domain B Flashcards
3 types of stimulus receptors
PIE
proprioceptors- receive stimulation from joints, tendons, muscles; e.g. posture, balance, movement (internal)
interoceptors- receive stimulation from organs e.g. headache, fast heart rate, hunger (internal)
exteroceptors- 5 senses (external)
stimulus classes
FFFAT
Formal- share a certain feature (e.g. things that are green, things that are round, bad smells, loud noises)
Feature-share infinite topographies (e.g. dog breeds, cats/dogs/lions, bike/car/bus, chair/table/couch)
Functional-same effect on behavior;
have an immediate yet temporary effect on behavior (e.g. things that provide warmth: heater, blanket, sweater. sour taste: lemon, spoiled milk. loud noise: drum, horn, police car)
Arbitrary- physically different, evoke same response (e.g. synonyms, fruit)
Temporal- related by their place in time (e.g. SDs and MOs both occur prior to behavior. reinforcement and punishment both occur after behavior.)
2 primary types of behavior. Name and compare them.
respondent behavior- reflexive, involuntary; elicited without prior learning; phylogenic
operant behavior- behavior controlled by its consequences; emitted and/or evoked; ontogenic
respondent behavior is __________.
a. elicited
b. evoked
c. emitted
elicited- unlearned responses; reflexes where the unconditioned response bears a one-to-one relationship to the unconditioned stimulus (e.g. gagging, salivating, fear reactions, blushing. uncontrollable reflexes)
operant behavior is __________.
a. elicited
b. evoked
c. emitted
emitted and/or evoked
emitted- produced; not an automatic response (e.g. answering questions in class)
evoked- learned responses (through learning history and consequences)
classical and pavlovian conditioning, stimulus-stimulus pairing (S-S), conditioned stimulus-conditioned response (CS-CR)
respondent conditioning
ABC, 3-term contingency, behavioral, contingency, stimulus-response-stimulus (S-R-S) model
operant conditioning
critical part of operant conditioning
consequences
all ABA strategies are derived from these 3 principles
reinforcement
punishment
extinction
a response becomes more frequent in the future if previously followed by a reinforcer within __________ seconds.
:00 - :03 seconds
__________ maintains behavior that is already occurring, makes antecedent-stimulus conditions relevant, and is a linear concept.
reinforcement (it also increases behavior)
2 types of negative reinforcement
escape
avoidance: 2 types; discriminated avoidance & free-operant avoidance
2 types of avoidance
discriminated- the arrival of a bad thing is signaled (think: warning); has an SD that signals availability of negative reinforcement (e.g. news traffic warning)
free-operant- no SD to signal the availability of negative reinforcement ; avoiding the bad thing without an SD (e.g. avoiding traffic between 4-7pm without checking for traffic information)
type I reinforcement; SR+ = __________
type II reinforcement; SR- = __________
SP= __________
SDP= __________
type I punishment; SP+
type II punishment; SR-
positive reinforcement
negative reinforcement
punisher
discriminative stimulus for punishment
positive punishment
negative punishment
punisher vs aversive stimulus?
punisher- a stimulus change that decreases future frequency of behavior that immediately precedes it
aversive stimulus- an unpleasant stimulus that may or may not impact future behavior
behavior is defined by its __________, not __________!
function, NOT topography!
when behavior is evoked, shaped, or maintained by environmental variables delivered without another person’s mediation
automatic reinforcement contingency
automatic reinforcement contingencies: describe each
positive automatic reinforcement
negative automatic reinforcement
positive automatic punishment
negative automatic punishment
positive automatic reinforcement- behavior is immediately followed by a presentation/addition of a stimulus which increases the future frequency of that behavior (the behavior of adding the stimulus)
negative automatic reinforcement- when behavior is immediately followed by reduction or removal of a stimulus which increases future behavior (scratching mosquito bite to relieve itch)
positive automatic punishment- behavior is immediately followed by presentation or addition of a stimulus that decreases future behavior (flicking rubber band to wrist whenever cursing to decrease cursing)
negative automatic punishment behavior is followed immediately by the reduction or removal of desirable stimulus that decreases future behavior (e.g. removing nice nail polish whenever biting nails to decrease nail biting)
turning on air conditioner when feeling hot, and continuing to do when needing cool air is an example of __________
positive automatic reinforcement
scratching a mosquito bite to relieve the itch is an example of __________
negative automatic reinforcement
snapping a rubber band on your wrist each time you curse resulting in cursing less is an example of __________
positive automatic punishment
forcing yourself to remove your nice nail polish every time you bite your nails is an example of __________
negative automatic punishment
automaticity vs automatic reinforcement and punishment
automaticity refers to how reinforcement and punishment affect behavior without a person’s awareness.
automatic reinforcement and punishment refer to the person reinforcing or punishing themselves with no social mediation.
when antecedents and consequences are presented by another person
socially mediated contingency