Ch 14 Positive Punishment Flashcards
stimulus that naturally decreases the future likelihood of a behavior when it is presented immediately after the behavior, without any prior learning
unconditioned punisher
type of positive punishment procedure where, following a problem behavior, the individual is required to not only correct the damage caused by the behavior but also restore the environment to a better condition than it was before the behavior occurred
-used after disruptive or damaging behavior
-involves effortful behavior that is related to the inappropriate act
-person must go beyond simply fixing the problem
-intended to reduce future occurrence of the behavior
e.g. child throws lunch tray on the floor -> child must clean up the mess and wipe down all the tables in the entire cafeteria
restitutional overcorrection
behavior reduction procedure used in ABA to decrease stereotypic or interfering behaviors by interrupting the behavior and immediately prompting engagement in an appropriate alternative response
-targets behaviors that are often automatically reinforced, such as vocal or motor stereotypy
-involves physically or verbally interrupting the problem behavior
-redirects individual to perform an appropriate or incompatible behavior
response interruption and redirection (RIRD)
behavior reduction strategy in which the therapist or caregiver physically intervenes as soon as a prblem behavior begins, preventing the behavior from being completed. most often used for behaviors that are automatically reinforced
-physically preventing completion of a behavior
-aims to interrupt behavior before reinforcement can occur
-commonly used for self injury, stereotypy, pica. functions as extinction by withholding reinforcement
response blocking
resurgence or increase of a previously punished behavior when the punishing consequence is no longer applied, similar to extinction of reinforced behavior
recovery from punishment
process where a behavior is followed by a consequence that decreases the future likelihood of that behavior
punishment
a stimulus or event that when presented or removed after a behavior decreases future likelihood of that behavior
punisher
presentation of a stimulus immediately after a behavior that decreases the future likelihood of that behavior
positive punishment
behavior reduction procedure where, after engaging in an inappropriate behavior, the individual is required to repeatedly practice the correct or appropriate behavior
positive practive overcorrection
positive punishment procedure used to reduce problem behavior by requiring the individual to engage in effortful behavior related to repairing the damage caused or practicing the correct alternative behavior repeatedly after engaging in the inappropriate behavior
-aims to teach appropriate alternative behavior and reduce future occurrences
overcorrection
(2 types; positive practice and restitutional)
when a stimulus is removed immediately after a behavior, decreasing future frequency of that behavior
negative punishment
stimulus that has been paired with multiple other punishers and, as a result, consistently decreases behavior across many situations- regardless of the specific context or condition
e.g. the word “no” is often paired with disapproval, loss of privilege, or physical guidance
stern tone of voice or facial expression (frowning, scolding) is associated with many different punishments
generalized conditioned punisher
stimulus that signals availability of punishment for a particular behavior. when a ___ is present, likelihood of the behavior decreases, because the individual has learned that the behavior may result in an aversive consequence
e.g. student stops talking when the strict teacher walks in the room (the teacher is the ___ signaling possible reprimand)
child avoids touching the stove when the. “hot!” warning label is visible
a teenager drives more slowly when seeing a police car nearby
client doesn’t elope when specific therapist is present who consistently blocks or redirects
discriminative stimulus for punishment aka SDP
previously neutral stimulus that, through learning and association with other punishers, acquires ability to decrease behavior when it is presented after that behavior
e.g. a warning tone that signals an upcoming time-out or other consequence
a frown or disapproving look that signals disapproval
conditioned punisher
occurs when a change in reinforcement (or punishment) conditions in one context causes a change in behavior in another context, in the opposite direction. mostly observed in multiple schedules of reinforcement or punishment
_____- reinforcement is decreased in one condition
->behavior increases in the unchanged condition
e.g. if reinforcement is removed during school time, behavior might increase at home where reinforcement is still available
____- reinforcement is increased in one condition ->behavior decreases in the other condition
e.g. if a student is heavily reinforced for task completion in the classroom, their motivation to complete tasks at home (with less r+) may decrease.
behavioral contrast
1.positive contrast
2.negative contrast
