Domain C

Question 1

objective
clear
complete

Answer 1

characteristics of an operational definition

Question 2

2 types of operational definitions

functional
topographical

explain each.

Answer 2

functional- defines behavior by its function; use when a target behavior can be defined by its function, NOT topography/form

topographical- defines behavior by its form; use when the function is unknown or unreliable (unreliable aka when behavior has different outcomes); NOT function

Question 3

crying, screaming, wailing that results in person being removed from a non-preferred activity and given access access to the outside playground

this is an example of __________

Answer 3

functional operational definition

Question 4

expelling tears from the eyes, accompanied by loud vocalizations

this is an example of __________

Answer 4

topographical operational definition

Question 5

measuring the actual behavior as it is occurring

Answer 5

direct measure of behavior

Question 6

behavior is measured in a way that it produces a secondhand account of what actually happened; violates applied dimensions of ABA, researchers have to work harder to justify validity of their findings

Answer 6

indirect measures of behavior

Question 7

asking a parent to report on their follow-through with directives using a rating scale; this may not produce information about what actually occurred

Answer 7

example of an indirect measure of behavior

Question 8

measuring behavior by looking at the changes the behavior produced on the environment after it has occurred

Answer 8

product measures of behavior

think: measures final product produced from behavior

Question 9

an empty dishwasher is a permanent product that measures the occurrence of emptying the dishwashe

Answer 9

example of product measure of behavior

think: measures the final product produced from behavior

Question 10

3 dimensional quantities of behavior

repeatability
temporal extent
temporal locus

Answer 10

repeatability- countability of behavior

temporal extent- measure of behavior’s duration

temporal locus- point in time a behavior is measured

Question 11

quantitative facts representing the repeatability and countability of behavior

Answer 11

occurrence measures

Question 12

3 types of repeatability/occurrence measures

count
rate
celeration

Answer 12

count- measurement of number of occurrences (formula add up occurrences)

rate- measurement of number of occurrences over a given period of time (formula count/time)

celeration- measurement of changes in rate over time (formula count per unit of time/time OR rate/time)

Question 13

measurement that is derived from the repeatability dimensional quantities

Answer 13

derivative measures

Question 14

measurement derived from count, therefore an occurrence measurement; total correct response/number of opportunities X100

Answer 14

percentage

Question 15

measurement that depicts the strength, force, severity, intensity of behavior

Answer 15

magnitude

Question 16

measurement that depicts physical form and shape of behavior

Answer 16

topography

Question 17

temporal dimensions of behavior: duration, latency, interresponse time

2 categories of temporal dimensions:
temporal extent
temporal locus

which categories are duration, latency, and interresponse time related to?

Answer 17

temporal extent- duration
temporal locus- latency and interresponse time

Question 18

measurement that depicts length of time a behavior occurs from its onset to its offset

Answer 18

duration

Question 19

measurement that depicts duration of time between presentation of a stimulus and the onset of a behavior

Answer 19

latency

Question 20

measurement that depicts duration of time that elapses bewteen two consecutive instances of a behavior

Answer 20

interresponse time

Question 21

shorter IRT = _____ rate
longer IRT = _____ rate

Answer 21

shorter IRT = higher rate
longer IRT = lower rate

Question 22

continuous vs discontinuous measurement

Answer 22

continuous measurement- measures every instance of a behavior; count, rate, duration

discontinuous measurement- measures some instances of a behavior; time sampling, interval recording; can result in measurement artifact

Question 23

3 time sampling/interval recording procedures

whole
partial
momentary

Answer 23

whole interval recording- measures overall occurrence by how many intervals behavior occurs through the ENTIRE interval; estimates total duration

partial interval recording- measuring number of intervals the behavior occurred at ANY TIME WITHIN the interval

momentary time sampling- measuring number of intervals the behavior is occurring AT END of interval

Question 24

__________recording is used when working to increase a behavior that should occur for long stretches of time (e.g. attention to task); NOT for decreasing behavior.

Answer 24

whole interval recording

Question 25

__________ recording is used when measuring more than one behavior at a time or multiple peoples behaviors; when working to decrease behavior; NOT for increasing behavior

Answer 25

partial-interval recording

Question 26

__________ recording is used when not able to measure behavior throughout the interval; for easily identifiable behaviors like task engagement; when measuring multiple behaviors at the same time

Answer 26

momentary time sampling

Question 27

a variation of momentary time sampling used for measuring behavior of a group; estimates the overall occurrence of group behavior by measuring the number of individuals emitting the behavior at end of interval

Answer 27

PLACHECK (planned activity check)

Question 28

measures number of response opportunities required to achieve a pre-specified level of performance

Answer 28

trials to criterion

Question 29

weighing the difference between the cost of implementing an intervention; considering financial cost, resources available, time commitment, training duration (predicted time that will be needed for training and mastery e.g. will suit toleration be done in time for a wedding?)

Answer 29

cost-benefit analysis

Question 30

3 indicators of trustworthy measurement

Answer 30

validity- (most important; without validity, accuracy and reliability are moot) accuracy reliability

Question 31

when data represents relevant dimension of behavior, directly measures target behavior, and represents target behavior as it occurs in the conditions of interest

Answer 31

validity

Question 32

measuring the wrong dimension of target behavior, indirect measurement, measurement artifacts

Answer 32

THREATS to validity!

Question 33

data that represent an unwarranted and misleading picture of behavior because of how it was measured *data are not wrong, but misleading

Answer 33

measurement artifacts

Question 34

the degree to which repeating a measurement procedure produces the same results

Answer 34

reliability

Question 35

poorly created measurement systems, bad observer training, observer drift, measurement bias, observer reactivity

Answer 35

causes of human measurement error that affect reliability; human error is the biggest threat to reliability

Question 36

when observers' measurement is influenced by an expectatioin or belief rather than what actually occurs

Answer 36

measurement bias

Question 37

measurement procedure used if problem behavior is not observable and does not produce measurable change in the environment

Answer 37

indirect measures, covert observation

Question 38

measurement procedure used if problem behavior is not observable but produces a measurable change in the environment

Answer 38

permanent product recording

Question 39

measurement procedure used if problem behavior is observable, discrete and countable, can occur at any time, and if duration latency or intensity are a primary concern or important seciondary measure for designing treatment

Answer 39

duration, latency, or interval recording (pick depending on the concern)

Question 40

measurement procedure used if problem behavior is observable, not discrete or countable, but produces a measurable physical change in the environment

Answer 40

partial interval recording

Question 41

measurement procedure used if problem behavior is observable, not discrete and countable, and does not produce a physical change in the environment

Answer 41

momentary time sampling

Question 42

measurement procedure used if problem behavior is observable, discrete and countable, but cannot occur at any time

Answer 42

event recording (percentage of opportunity)

Question 43

measurement procedure used if problem behavior is observable, discrete and countable, can occur at any time, but duration latency and intensity are not a primary concern or important secondary measure for designing treatment

Answer 43

event recording

Question 44

this graph is used for communicating relevant quantitative relations over time; examining trend, level, variability

Answer 44

line graph

Question 45

this graph displays unrelated discrete sets of data with a common dimension; group summative performance; separate data sets that aren't related; comparing unrelated data sets

Answer 45

bar graph

Question 46

this graph is used for adding up the total number of accumulated behaviors

Answer 46

cumulative record

Question 47

this graph is used for examining patterns in the temporal distribution of behavior; identifies time periods where challenging behavior occurs

Answer 47

scatterplot (pattern analysis)

Question 48

this graph is used for charting academic, social behaviors; self-monitoring; increasing fluency (accuracy + speed); precision teaching

Answer 48

standard celeration chart *used for SAFMED fluency

Question 49

degree to which data on the y-axis converge

Answer 49

level

Question 50

mean level line is used when there is __________ variability. median level line is used when there are __________ in data.

Answer 50

mean is used for moderate variability median is used when there are extreme outliers in data

Question 51

overall direction taken by the data path on a line graph; ascending/ increasing, descending/decreasing, or stable/zero

Answer 51

trend

Question 52

How do you calculate and draw a split-middle line of progress?

Answer 52

CDMMQS count divide mid-rate mid-date quarterly split-middle refer to p161 PTB

Question 53

degree to which data bounce around on a line graph (zig-zag)

Answer 53

variability

Question 54

degree to which what was quantitatively measured (observed value) is representative of what actually occurred (true value)

Answer 54

accuracy

Question 55

measuring the right behavior incorrectly is a threat to __________

Answer 55

accuracy

Question 56

__________ and __________ measures tell us that errors occurred, while ___________ helps identify those errors, enabling us to fix them

Answer 56

reliability and IOA measures tell us that errors occured, while accuracy helps identify those errors

Question 57

refers to the recommended , requested, and/or approved number of ABA hours that will be provided, usually on a weekly basis

Answer 57

dosage

Question 58

assessment results, severity of behavior excesses and skill deficits, clients age and other obligations, duration of training required to meet goals are all considerations for __________

Answer 58

dosage

Question 59

any circumstance of a person's situation or environment that discourages the development of skills, independence, social competence, or adaptive behavior

Answer 59

environmental constraint

Question 60

1. poorly scheduled measurement periods (e.g. recording a behavior during non-meal times but the behavior occurs during meal times) 2. limiting measurement scales (imposing an aritificial floor or ceiling on behavior) 3. time-sampling and interval recording (discontinuous measurement systems) these are all causes of __________.

Answer 60

measurement artifacts

Question 61

when observers collecting data have a shift in how they interpret the operational definition of the target behavior

Answer 61

observer drift