Ch 16 Motivating Operations Flashcards
an MO whose value-altering effect does not depend on learning history. their effects are innate/natural/biologically based.
e.g. food deprivation increases R+ effectiveness of food
UMO (unconditioned motivating operation)
type of motivating operation that acquires its value through learning history/experiences
CMO (conditioned motivating operation)
a once neutral stimulus becomes an MO by being paired with an existing MO (either UMO or CMO). NS becomes CMO and gains same value & behavior altering effect as original MO.
*NS + (CMO or UMO)-> CMO_
*pairing
*increase in bx to access something due to its pairing with something else
e.g. a bell always rings before lunch-> bell increases value of food and evokes food seeking bxs. bell is the CMO_.
CMO-S (surrogate conditioned motivating operation)
environmental variable that establishes another stimulus or event as a reinforcer or punisher
*increase in access bxs that solve a problem
*transmits value to another stimulus
e.g. 1% battery on phone -> low battery is the CMO_ that makes the charger more valuable
sleep deprived child is at school -> the situation of the demand to work while sleep-deprived is the CMO_ and makes the “break” icon more valuable
the CMO_ is the problem/barrier
CMO-T (transitive conditioned motivating operation)
a stimulus (signal) that comes before the onset of pain (or other aversive stimulus)/worsening condition
*avoid it so you don’t have to escape it
*signal evokes avoidance/escape behaviors
e.g. client is denied food after requesting. seeing therapist hold clipboard signals more denials or demands. clipboard becomes CMO_, evokes escape bxs.
speeding up when seeing a yellow light is a CMO_. it increases value of escaping a red light
CMO-R (reflexive conditioned motivating operation)
environmental varaible that alters the reinforcing or punishing effectiveness of some stimulus and alters the current frequency of all behavior that has been reinforced or punished by that stimulus.
- changes value of a reinforcer or punisher (value altering effect)
- changes frequency of behavior associated with that reinforcer or punisher (behavior-altering efffect)
MO (motivating operation)
an in-the-moment change in how effective a stimulus will be as a reinforcer (EO or AO, establishing operation or abolishing operation)
value-altering effect
an antecedent context changes the current in-the-moment occurrence of a bx; evocative (increasing) or abative (decreasing) effect
-deprivation has evocative effect on bx
-satiation has abative effect on bx
behavior-altering effect
increase in current frequency of behavior that has previously been reinforced by a specific stimulus; makes bx more likely to happen right now because the reinforcer is currently valuable
evocative effect
decrease in current frequency of behavior that has previously been reinforced by a specific stimulus; makes bx less likely to occur right now because the reinforcer isn’t as valuable in the moment
abative effect
increase in reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus caused by an MO
e.g. food deprivation increases/establishes reinforcing effectiveness of food
reinforcer-establishing effect
decrease in reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus caused by an MO
e.g. food ingestion decreases reinforcing effectiveness of food
reinforcer-abolishing effect
type of MO with two in-the-moment effects¨̮
- value-altering effect= an in-the-moment increase in current reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus
think- when deprived of it a r+ is really reinforcing. bx will increase to gain access to that thing
aka reinforcer-establishing effect - behavior-altering effect= an in-the-moment increase in current frequency of behavior that’s been reinforced by the now more valuable stimulus
aka evocative effect
EO (establishing operation)
type of MO that has two in-the-moment effects:
decreases value of a reinforcer or punisher and decreases likelihood of the bx that has been reinforced by that stimulus in the past
- value-altering effect (reinforcer-abolishing)- an in-the-moment decrease in current reinforcing effectiveness
- behavior-altering effect (abative effect) an in-the-moment decrease in the current frequency of bx that’s been reinforced by the stimulus which isn’t currently available
AO (abolishing operation)
a consequence shapes future behavior; relevant to operant relations; change in an organism’s repertoire of MO, stimulus, and response relations, caused by r+, punishment, extinction, or recovery from punishment procedure.
function-altering effect
process used to weaken or eliminate the effect of a previously conditioned MO by breaking the learned association between a stimulus and its ability to alter the value of a reinforcer; present previously NS without R+ so it loses its bx evoking power.
e.g.
-before ______: a timer signals the end of work task. timer sound becomes a CMO that increases value of a break and evokes escape related behavior.
-after ______: timer beeps, but break is no longer given. over time, timer loses its effect and no longer evokes escape bx.
MO unpairing
MO
/ \
___ ___
/ \ /. \
___ ___ ___ ___
MO
/ \
Establishing Operation (EO) Abolishing operation(AO)
EO
-value-altering effect= reinforcer establishing effect
-behavior altering effect= evocative effect
establishing, evocative
AO
-value-altering effect= reinforcer abolishing effect
-behavior altering effect= abative effect
abolishing, abative
