Ch 11 Positive Reinforcement Flashcards
when a behavior is reinforced by the behavior itself, without the need for social mediation (no one has to deliver the reinforcer); the reinforcement is produced directly by engaging in the behavior
automatic reinforcement
when a stimulus gains reinforcing value through learning - by being paired with an already established reinforcer; does not naturally reinforce behavior, but becomes reinforcing through experience and association
learned, not innate
pairs with conditioned or unconditioned reinforcers
conditioned reinforcement
type of conditioned reinforcer that has been paired with multiple unconditioned or conditioned reinforcers, making it effective across many situations and independent of specific states of deprivation
e.g.money can buy food, clothes, entertainment
tokens in exchange for a variety of items
generalized conditioned reinforcer
stimulus is added and makes behavior more likely to occur in the future
positive reinforcement
stimulus or event that is presented immediately after a behavior and results in increase in future frequency of that behavior
positive reinforcer
behavior analytic concept that states more probable (high preference) behavior can be used to reinforce a less probable (low preference) behavior.
-encourages compliance with low-preference tasks (e.g. first bathroom, then iPad; first work, then outside)
-increases motivating value of low-preference tasks
e.g. “first do ___, then you can do ___”
Premack principle
a variety of direct, empirical methods for presenting one or more stimuli contingent on a target response and measuring their effectiveness as reinforcers ; aka systematic procedure used to determine whether a stimulus actually functions as a reinforcer- that is, whether it increases the future likelihood of behavior when delivered after that behavior
reinforcer assessment
restricting access to a behavior below its normal level can increase its reinforcing value, even if it wasn’t highly preferred before. powerful tool used to create effective, motivation-based behavior plans.
e.g. child typically watches 2 hrs of youtube daily. parents reduce access to 30 minutes unless homework is completed. since YouTube is now restricted below baseline, it functions as a reinforcer for doing homework.
response-deprivation hypothesis
behavior that occurs based on verbal/written rules rather than direct contact with reinforcement or punishment
rule- governed behavior
behavior-consequence relationships in which another person is involved in delivering the reinforcer or punisher
socially mediated contingencies
procedures to identify preferred stimuli, their relative rankings, conditions affecting preference, and potential as reinforcers
stimulus preference assessment
a stimulus change that increases the frequency of any behavior that immediately precedes it irrespective of learning history. product of evolutution
unconditioned reinforcer
