Exam #3: Vascular Biology

Question 1

Which tunic contains the internal elastic lamina?

Answer 1

Tunica Intima

Question 2

Which tunic contains the external elastic lamina

Answer 2

Tunica Media

Question 3

What size blood vessels require a vasa vasorum?

Answer 3

Greater than 1 mm in diameter

Question 4

Endarteritis/ Periarteritis

Answer 4

Inflammation of the vasa vasorum in syphilis

Question 5

What happens when increased shear stress is detected by a myoendothelial junction?

Answer 5

Hyperpolarization that is transmitted through gap junctions to the smooth muscle, causing vasodilation

Question 6

Weibel-Palade granule contents

Answer 6

1) Von Willibrand Factor- clotting
2) Tissue plasminogen activator
3) IL-8
4) P-selectin= migration of leukocytes

Question 7

Prostacycline

Answer 7

Vasodilator & inhibitor of blood clotting

Question 8

Endothelin

Answer 8

Vasoconstrictor

Question 9

Arteries

Answer 9

• High smooth muscle
• High elastic elements
• Prominent internal & external elastic lamina (intima/ media)

Question 10

Veins

Answer 10

• High connective tissue

- Very large tunica adventita

Question 11

Elastic Artery

Answer 11

Alternating elastic fibers & smooth muscle in tunica media

Question 12

Muscular Artery

Answer 12

Tunica media with large amount of smooth muscle but diminished elastin

Question 13

Arteriole

Answer 13

Ratio of unity- wall thickness= diameter

Question 14

What controls entry of blood into a capillary?

Answer 14

Metarteriole/ sphincters

• Active= open
• Inactive= closed

Question 15

Pericyte

Answer 15

• Mesenchymal cell with the ability to differentiate into smooth muscle or fibroblast
• Control the diameter of capillaries

Question 16

Why are bifurcations in the Circle of Willis prone to aneurysm?

Answer 16

No smooth muscle

Question 17

Location of cont. capillaries

Answer 17

• Lung
• CNS
• Muscle
• Adipose

Question 18

Location of fenestrated capillaries w/

Answer 18

• Kidney
• Intestine
• Endocrine

Question 19

Location of fenestrated capillaries w/out

Answer 19

Glomerulus

Question 20

Location of sinusoidal capillaries

Answer 20

• Bone marrow
• Liver
• Spleen

Question 21

Pericytic venules vs. muscular venules

Answer 21

• Percytic= in the microcirculation

- Muscular= outside the microcirculation

Question 22

Large vein

Answer 22

Longitudinally arranged muscle fibers

Question 23

NO

Answer 23

Vasodilation

Question 24

VEGF

Answer 24

Increased permeability

Question 25

MMP

Answer 25

degrades the basal lamina

Question 26

Plasminogen Activator

Answer 26

Disrupts intercellular junctions

Question 27

ANG-2

Answer 27

further destabilzation

Question 28

VEGF & FGF

Answer 28

migration & proliferation of EPCs

Question 29

TGF-B

Answer 29

Elaboration of the basal lamina

Question 30

ANG-1

Answer 30

Stabilizes & recruits periendothelial cells

Question 31

TEM-8

Answer 31

Marker only found on tumors

Question 32

Increased & decreased flow response

Answer 32

The wall stays the same size!

• High flow= increase outside & lumen diameter
• Low flow= decrease outside & lumen diameter

Question 33

Large artery, increased pressure

Answer 33

Outward Hypertrophy (increase wall thickness)

Question 34

Small artery, increased pressure

Answer 34

Inward Hypertrophy, (increase wall thickness, but decrease lumen)

Question 35

Arterioles, increased pressure

Answer 35

1) Inward hypertrophy
2) Inward remodeling
3) Rarefaction

Question 36

Layers of the endocardium

Answer 36

1) Endothelium
2) Subendothelial Layer
3) Myoelastic Layer
4) Subendocarium

Question 37

Myoelastic Layer

Answer 37

• Smooth muscle

- Elastic fibers

Question 38

Subendocardium

Answer 38

• Loose CT

- Purkinje fibers in ventricles only

Question 39

Myoendocrine cells

Answer 39

• Atrial Natriuretic Factor

- B-type natriuretic factor

Question 40

Atrialis

Answer 40

Elastic fibers

Question 41

Spongiosa

Answer 41

Proteoglycan

Question 42

Fibrosa

Answer 42

Collagen/ structural integrity