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Cell & Tissue Biology > Exam #1: ECM > Flashcards

Exam #1: ECM Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the molecular constituents of the ECM?

A
  • Ground Substance

- Fibers

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2
Q

What are the different types of ground substance?

A
  • Glycosaminoglycans
  • Proteoglycans
  • Water
  • Adhesive glycoproteins
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3
Q

What are different fibers in the ECM?

A
  • Collagen
  • Reticular Fiber
  • Elastic
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4
Q

Reticular Fiber

A

Type III Collagen

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5
Q

Granulation Tissue

A
  • Replacing functional cells w/ ECM in response to injury
  • Hallmark of tissue repair
  • Loose, edematous, & vascular
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6
Q

Mature Scar

A

Loose granulation tissue replaced with dense collagenous tissue

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7
Q

How does the ECM drive the cell cycle?

A
  • No contact w/ substrate= low probability of division
  • Cell perched on adhesive patch= increases probability of division
  • Cell spread on large adhesive patch= high probability of division
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8
Q

Focal Adhesions

A

Connection between cell & ECM that regulate:

  • cell division
  • growth
  • survival
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9
Q

Injury to cell with intact matrix

A

Regeneration by functional cells

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10
Q

Injury to cell & matrix

A

Repair by granulation & scarring (non-functional cells)

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11
Q

What happens to the hydrated state of tissue when there is excessive accumulation of glycosaminoclycans?

A

Increase b/c of negatively charged carboxyl groups that attract water

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12
Q

What are the different glycosaminoglycans that exist in the ECM?

A
  • Dermatin Sulfate
  • Chondroitin Sulfate
  • Heparan Sulfate
  • Keratan Sulfate
  • Hyaluronic Acid
  • Heparin
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13
Q

Exopthalmous

A
  • Grave’s Disease
  • Autoantibodies to TSH
  • Causes increased deposition of glycosaminoglycans in the retro-orbital space
  • Specifically, Chondriotin Sulfate & HA
  • Increases hydration state and pushes the eyes outward
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14
Q

Proteoglycan

A
  • “Bottle-brush” appearance
  • Core protein with Glycosaminoglycans attached
  • Link with HA to form an aggrecan
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15
Q

Syndecan

A
  • Transmembrane proteoglycan
  • FGF receptors adjacent
  • Co-receptor for FGF receptor
  • Attached by Heparan Sulfate
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16
Q

Perlecan

A
  • Dark brown in appearance
  • Found in the interface between epidermis & dermis
  • Surrounds blood vessels
  • Plays a role in the development of skeletal tissue
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17
Q

Perlecan- Null

A

Defective skeletal development

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18
Q

What are the three typical binding domains of a multiadhesive glycoprotein?

A

1) Cell adhesion molecule aka CAM e.g. Integrin
2) Collagen fibers
3) Proteoglycans

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19
Q

What are the six types of adhesive glycoproteins?

A

1) Fibronectin
2) Laminin
3) Entactin
4) Tenascin
5) Chondronectin
6) Osteonectin

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20
Q

Laminin

A

Adhesive Glycoprotein in Basal Lamina

21
Q

Entactin

A

Adhesive Glycoprotein in Basal Lamina

22
Q

Tenascin

A

Adhesive Glycoprotein in Embryonic Tissue

23
Q

Chondronectin

A

Adhesive Glycoprotein in Cartilage

24
Q

Osteonectin

A

Adhesive Glycoprotein in Bone

25
Q

What is the role of Fibronectin in development?

A
  • Normal development of salivary glands

- When blocked, glands do not differentiate

26
Q

Laminin

A

Binding domains:

  • Dystroglycan (cell-adhesion molecule)
  • Collagen
  • Heparan Sulfate (proteoglycan)

Plasma membrane of muscle

27
Q

What is the most abundant fiber type seen in the ECM?

A

Collagen

28
Q

Type I Collagen

A
  • Most abundant
  • Associated with tendons, ligaments, fibrocartilage, cementum, dentin, bone, dermis, & any organ w/ a connective tissue capsule
  • Acidophillic (pink)
29
Q

Type II Collagen

A
  • Hyaline & Elastic Cartilage
30
Q

Type III Collagen

A
  • Reticular Cartilage
  • Spleen, liver, lymph nodes, smooth muscle, skin, lung
  • Forms a “delicate network” for cells
  • Argyrophilic (silver loving)
  • PAS positive (carbohydrates associated)
31
Q

Type IV Collagen

A

Basal Lamina

32
Q

Type VII Collagen

A
  • Dermis

- Connects the basal lamina with the underlying dermis

33
Q

What amino acid is measured to calculate the concentration of collagen?

A

Hydroxyproline

34
Q

How is collagen turned over?

A
  • Proteolytic Degradation

- Phagocytic Degradation

35
Q

What do cardiac muscle cells appear in response to a remote MI?

A
  • Blue from collagen deposition (granulation first)

- Trichome method of staining

36
Q

Keloid

A

Excessive accumulation of collagen/ excessive scar formation

37
Q

What are Elastic Fibers composed of?

A
  • Proelastin
  • Microfibril-associated glycoprotein
  • Fibrillin 1&2
38
Q

What are unique amino acids to elastic fibers?

A

Desmosine & Isodesmosine

39
Q

Ehler’s Danlos Type IV

A
  • Type III Collagen (Reticular Fibers)

- Varicose veins, aortic rupture, intestinal rupture

40
Q

Ehler’s Danlos Type VI

A
  • Defective Hydroxylation of Lysine

- Hyperelasticity of the skin, rupture of the eyeball

41
Q

Ehler’s Danlos Type VII

A
  • Type I Collagen

- Joint dislocation & hypermobility

42
Q

Marfan’s Syndrome

A
  • Defective synthesis of elastic fibers

- Aortic aneurysm, skeletal defects, pectus excavatum, scoliosis

43
Q

Basal Lamina

A
  • Interface between epithelial cells & extracellular components/ underlying connective tissue
  • Found in epithelium, kidney glomerulus, & muscle cell
44
Q

Basement Membrane

A
  • Basal Lamina ( Lamina lucida & Lamina densa)

- PLUS Lamina fibroreticularis

45
Q

Lamina Lucida

A
  • Laminin
  • Entactin
  • Integrins
  • Dystroglycans
46
Q

Lamina Densa

A
  • Type IV Collagen
  • Fibronectin
  • Perlecan
47
Q

Lamina Fibroreticularis

A
  • Fibronectin
  • Type I Collagen
  • Type III Collagen
48
Q

What anchors the Lamina Densa to the Fibroreticularis?

A

Type VII Collagen

49
Q

Membranous Nephropathy

A
  • Autoantibodies produced against antigens
  • Deposit in the basal lamina of the glomerulus
  • Compliment is activated
  • Leads to a degradation of the wall of the vasculature

Cell & Tissue Biology (25 decks)

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