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Cell & Tissue Biology > Exam #3: Endocrine > Flashcards

Exam #3: Endocrine Flashcards

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1
Q

Somatotrope

A
  • Secrete Growth Hormone

- Large-sized secretory granules that occupy a large amount of cytoplasm

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2
Q

Cotricotropes

A
  • Secrete ACTH
  • Few secretory granules
  • Granules located next to the plasma membrane
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3
Q

Thyrotropes

A
  • Secrete TSH

- Numerous small size secretory granules

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4
Q

Gonadotrope

A
  • Medium sized

- More numerous than corticotropes

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5
Q

Acidophils

A

1) Somatotropes

2) Mammotropes

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6
Q

Basophils

A

1) Corticotropes
2) Thyrotropes
3) Gonatotropes

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7
Q

Somatotrope

A
  • Acidophil
  • Growth-Hormone/ Somatotropin
  • Growth of long bones & increase metabolism
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8
Q

Somatotrophic Adenoma

A
  • Tumor of the anterior pituitary that causes overproduction of somatotropin/ growth hormone
  • Causes Gigantism
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9
Q

Acromegaly

A

Excessive somatotropin/ growth hormone in the adult (epiphyseal plates closed)

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10
Q

Mammotrope

A
  • Acidophil
  • Prolactin
  • Stimulates lactation & development of mammary gland
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11
Q

Prolactinoma

A
  • Most common pituitary adenoma

- Blindness initially then galactorrhea

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12
Q

Corticotropes

A
  • Basophil
  • ACTH
  • Cortisol & corticosterone in adrenal cortex
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13
Q

Thyrotropes

A
  • Basophil
  • TSH
  • T3 & T4
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14
Q

Gonadotropes

A
  • Basophil
  • LH & FSH
  • Development of testes & ovaries/ reprodution
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15
Q

Nuclei of the posterior pituitary

A
  • Supraoptic nuclei & PVN

- Herring bodies & pituicytes

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16
Q

Supraoptic Nuclei & PVN

A
  • Secrete ADH & Oxytocin

- Form the hypothalamohypophyseal tract

17
Q

ADH

A
  • Concentrates urine

- Conserves H20

18
Q

Oxytocin

A
  • Milk ejection

- Uterine contraction

19
Q

Thyroid peroxidase

A
  • Membrane bound enzyme is the apical domain of follicular cells
  • Oxidizes iodide to iodine, releases into lumen to iodinate tyrosine
20
Q

What do T3 & T4 increase?

A

1) Cellular metabolism
2) Growth rate
3) Mental activity
4) Formation of fatty acids
5) Endocrine gland function
6) Carbohydrate metabolism
7) Synthesis of Cholesterol

21
Q

What do T3 & T4 decrease?

A

Formation of phospholipids & TAGs

22
Q

Alpha

A
  • Pink

- Glucagon

23
Q

Beta

A
  • Blue

- Insulin

24
Q

Delta

A

Somatostatin, which reduces smooth muscle contractions of the gut

25
Q

G-cells

A

Gastrin, which stimulates parietal cells to produce HCL int eh stomach

26
Q

PP or F-cells

A

Inhibit pancreatic exocrine function

27
Q

Zona Glomerulosa

A
  • Mineralcortioids

- Aldosterone

28
Q

Zona Fasciculata

A
  • Glucocortocoids

- Cortisol

29
Q

Zona Reticularis

A
  • Androgens
30
Q

Cushing’s Syndrome

A
  • Central obesity
  • excess ACTH
  • excess cortisol

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