Exam #1; Cell Biology II Flashcards
Peripheral Protein
- Attached to the extracellular side of the plasmalemma
- Can be removed w/ salt solution
Integral Protein
Protein partially or fully embedded in the plasmalemma
Transmembrane Protein
Proteins that extend through the entire thickness of the plasmalemma
Beta-Amyloid Precursor Protein (B-APP)
- Integral transmembrane protein
- Abnormal cleavage forms Beta-Amyloid peptides that aggregate
- Protein aggregates are resistant to proteolysis and implicated in Alzheimer’s Disease
Normal Function of B-APP
- Neuronal migration during development
- Synaptic formation & repair
- Cell signaling
- LTP (memory)
- Cell adhesion
PrP
- Prion Protein
- GPI anchored protein
- GPI anchor is embedded in lipid rafts
- Mutation implicated in Creutzfeld-Jakob Disease
Normal Function of PrP
- Neuroprotection against ischemia
- Control circadian rhythm
- Organization of myelin sheath
What stain can be used to visualize Beta-Amyloid & PrP?
Congo Red
What are the seven functions of proteins?
1) Receptors
2) Carriers/ Pumps/ Channels
3) Enzymes
4) Linker proteins for structural support
5) Antigens (cell id. tag)
6) Anchor cell to ECM
7) Intercellular junction complexes
What does it mean that receptors are dynamic and not static?
- There is up & down regulation of receptors in response to ligand to maintain homeostasis
- Decrease Ligand: Increase Receptor
- Increase Ligand: Decrease Receptor
How do pharmacologic agents act to produce a therapeutic effect?
As receptor agonists or antagonists
What is the clinical relevance of estrogen receptor?
- Many breast cancers show an upregulation of estrogen receptors
- ER + breast cancer can be treated with Tamoxifen/ Hormone Therapy
Transport Proteins
- Carriers
- Pumps
Carriers
- Transports without direct expenditure of energy
Pumps
- Transport with direct expenditure of energy