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Cell & Tissue Biology > Exam #1: Cell Biology VI > Flashcards

Exam #1: Cell Biology VI Flashcards

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1
Q

MAPs

A

Microtubule Associated Proteins

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2
Q

MAP-T (Tau)

A
  • Forms crosslinks between microtubules
  • In Alzheimer’s Disease, hyperphosphorylated, leading to aggregation
  • Histological “flame” appearance
  • Eosinophilic
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3
Q

Neurofibrillary Tangles

A
  • Caused by Tau aggregates

- Will cause cell death, but remain as “ghost cells, or tombstones”

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4
Q

Microfilaments

A
  • Comprised of subunits of actin (have positive & negative end)
  • Stained with Phallacidin conjugated with a green fluorescein dye
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5
Q

Where do actin microfilaments grow & disassemble?

A
  • Grow= positive end

- Disassemble= negative end

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6
Q

Where are microfilaments found?

A

1) Microvilli
2) Cell Cortex
3) Adherens belt
4) Filopodia
5) Lamellipodium
6) Stress Fibers
7) Contractile Ring

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7
Q

What drug inhibits actin polymerization?

A

Cytochalasins

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8
Q

Thick Filaments

A
  • Myosin subunits
  • Darker staining band in striated muscle
  • Interact with light staining band (thin filaments)
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9
Q

What pathology does a mutation in myosin give rise to?

A

Cardiomyopathy

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10
Q

What are the six differe types of Intermediate Filaments?

A

1) Cytokeratins
2) Desmin
3) GFAP
4) Neurofilament protein
5) Nuclear Lamin
6) Vimentin

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11
Q

Cytokeratin

A
  • Epithelial Tissue

- Glandular organs (liver & pancreas)

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12
Q

Desmin

A

Muscle (smooth & striated)

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13
Q

GFAP

A
  • Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein
  • Astrocytic Glial Cells
  • DO NOT cross link like neurofilaments
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14
Q

Neurofilament Protein

A
  • Neurons

- Cross-linking imparts great tensile strength

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15
Q

Nuclear Lamin

A

Nucleus of all cells

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16
Q

Vimentin

A
  • Mesodermal Tissue
  • Chondroblasts
  • Fibroblasts
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17
Q

What can you tell about a tumor by its intermediate filament composition?

A

Origin

18
Q

What do you know if a tumor expressed two different types of intermediate filaments?

A

The tumor is de-differentiating, which is an indication of a more aggressive type of tumor.

19
Q

Mallory Bodies

A
  • Hallmark of alcoholic liver disease

- Caused by aggregation of cytokeratins in the liver

20
Q

Epidermoylsis Bullosa Simplex

A
  • Mutations of cytokeratin fiber 14
  • Separation of the epidermis where it connects to the dermis
  • Causes severe skin blistering & sloughing of skin
21
Q

Rosenthal’s Fibers

A
  • Aggregates of GFAP
  • Seen in astrocytomas
  • V. long & thick flame- like projection
22
Q

Centrosome

A
  • MTOC (Mirotubule-organizing-center)

- Cytoplasmic region near nucleus containing two centrioles oriented perpendicularly

23
Q

Centriole

A

Comprised of microtubules in a 9 x 3 arrangement i.e. 9 triplet sets of microtubules

24
Q

How is nuclear appearance useful in diagnosis?

A
  • Cancer
  • Well differentiated tumor cells are less aggressive/ better prognosis
  • Poorly differentiated tumor cells are more aggressive/ poorer prognosis
25
Q

Nucleolus

A

Site of ribosome synthesis & assembly

26
Q

Cajal Body

A

Contain molecular machinery involved in splicing pre-mRNA into mRNA

27
Q

PML Body

A
  • Promylocytic Leukemia Body

- Function in DNA repair & apoptosis

28
Q

Nuclear Envelope

A
  • Formed by two lipid bilayers, outer & inner
  • Space between is the perinuclear space
  • Contains protein complexes that form nuclear pores
29
Q

Outer Nuclear Membrane

A
  • Typically continuous with the rER

- Ribosomes are often attached

30
Q

What can readily cross the nuclear pore complex?

A

Small molecular weight molecules

31
Q

What are nuclear lamins?

A
  • Type of intermediate filament
  • Important in cell division
  • Form the nuclear lamina lattice
32
Q

Nuclear Import

A
  • Protein w/ nuclear localization signal
  • Binds nuclear import receptor
  • Recognize the nuclear pore complex
  • Imported in
  • Energy dependent, GTP
33
Q

What is transported into the nucleus?

A
  • Proteins to assemble ribosomal subunits
34
Q

What is exported from the nucleus?

A
  • Ribosomal subunits
35
Q

Progeria

A
  • Premature aging

- Caused by defect in nuclear lamins

36
Q

What is the role of lamins during mitosis?

A
  • Prophase= phosphorylate lamins for disassembly of the nuclear envelope
  • Late Telophase= fuse/ reassemble nuclear envelope nuclear envelope fragments by dephosphorylating lamins
37
Q

Euchromatin

A
  • Loosely coiled chromatin
  • Charge density is less packed
  • Basic
  • Less intense basophilic staining
  • Indication of how active the nucleus is i.e. Euchromatin is very actively transcribing
38
Q

Heterochromatin

A
  • Tightly coiled chromatin
  • Charge density is tightly packed together
  • Basic
  • Causes very dense basic staining
39
Q

Chromatin

A
  • DNA wrapped around histone proteins

- “Beads on a string”

40
Q

Barr Body

A
  • “Drum-stick” that comes off the nucleus

- Indication of female cells

41
Q

Would you expect to see a nucleolus in a heterchromatic nucleus?

A

No, it would be very difficult to distinguish between them b/c both are going to stain very strongly

42
Q

Orphan Annie Eye Nuclei

A
  • Hallmark histological sign of papillary thyroid cancer

- Nuclei appear empty

Cell & Tissue Biology (25 decks)

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