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Cell & Tissue Biology > Exam #1: Cell Biology V > Flashcards

Exam #1: Cell Biology V Flashcards

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1
Q

COPI

A
  • Coating-Protein I
  • Golgi (Trans)–>ER
  • Retrograde
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2
Q

COPII

A
  • Coating Protein II
  • ER–> Golgi (Cis)
  • Anterograde
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3
Q

Clathrin

A
  • Plasma membrane into the cell

- Trans Golgi–> out of the cell

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4
Q

SNAREs

A

Mediate vesicular transport by recognizing one another

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5
Q

t-SNARE

A
  • Target SNARE

- Allows the vesicle to recognize its target domain

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6
Q

v-SNARE

A
  • Vesicular SNARE

- E.g. synaptotagmin & Synaptophysin

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7
Q

What is the function of retrograde transport?

A
  • Maintain membrane balance
  • Transport of SNARE proteins back to ER
  • Correction of Mis-sorting/ Delivery
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8
Q

What is the role of SNARE proteins in neurotransmission?

A
  • Secretory vesicle recognition

- Release of NT

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9
Q

Botulinum Toxin

A
  • Eliminates t-SNARE (proteolysis)
  • Prevents neurotransmission/ NT release
  • Causes paralysis of muscle
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10
Q

What are the two organelles that have two plasma membranes?

A
  • Mitochondrion

- Nucleus

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11
Q

Cristae

A
  • Foldings of the mitochondrion

- Contain ATP Synthase & enzymes of oxidative phosphorylation

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12
Q

What can you tell about a mitochondrion that has a large number of cristae vs. a cell that has few cristae?

A

More cristae= produces more ATP/ has a higher ATP need

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13
Q

What cell type has no mitochondria?

A

RBC

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14
Q

Mitochondrial Matrix

A
  • Space that the cristae project into
  • Contains matrix granules
  • Contains mitochondrial DNA
  • TCA cycle enzymes
  • Beta-oxidation enzymes
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15
Q

Outer Mitochondrial Membrane

A

More permeable

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16
Q

Inner Mitochondrial Membrane

A
  • Less permeable
  • Control the hydrogen ion gradient
  • Electron transport, ATP synthase…etc. contained here
  • CO & cyanide poisoning
17
Q

What two organelles are involved in the synthesis of steroid hormones?

A
  • Mitochondrion

- sER

18
Q

What five complexes are involved in the transport of proteins into the mitochondria?

A
  • TOM
  • TIM 22
  • TIM 23
  • SAM
  • OXA
19
Q

What confers acidophilic striations at the light microscope level?

A
  • Mitochondria in palisades (picket-fence)

- Very abundant mitochondria involved in hydrogen ion transport

20
Q

Tubular Cristae

A

Hallmark features of mitochondria that are associated with steroid hormone synthesis

  • Testis, ovaries, adrenal cortex
  • Closely associated with lipid droplets containing cholesterol
21
Q

How is the synthesis of steroid hormones described?

A

Ping-pong process

22
Q

MERRF

A
  • Myoclonic Epilepsy with Ragged Red Fibers
  • Mitochondrial Disorder
  • Light microscope= red mitochondira w/ Gomori Trichrome Stain
  • EM= “parking lot” inclusion
  • Symptoms include involuntary jerking/ twitching, seizures, & gait disturbances
  • Maternally inherited
23
Q

Myoclonus

A
  • Hiccups

- Sleep Jerk

24
Q

What happens to the shape of the mitochondria in response to alcoholic cirrhosis?

A

Odd-shaped in response to injury

25
Q

What are the functions of the peroxisome?

A

1) Beta-oxidation of FFAs
2) Plasmalogen Synthesis
3) Regulate Hydrogen Peroxide
4) Kill Pathogens
5) Oxidize Ethanol

26
Q

Plasmalogens

A
  • Abundant type of phospholipid found in myelin

- Very important for development

27
Q

Zellweger Syndrome

A
  • Disease state caused by defective import of peroxisomal enzymes
28
Q

Thin Filaments

A
  • Actin

-

29
Q

Intermediate Filaments

A
  • Very diverse class of cytoskeletal elements
30
Q

Thick Filaments

A
  • Myosin
31
Q

Microtubule

A
  • Hollow structure
  • Made of tubulin dimers that polymerize
  • Can exist independently in the cytoplasm
  • May assemble into doublets
32
Q

Dynein

A
  • ATPase associated with microtubules
  • Allows microtubules to be motile and become cilia & flagella
  • Also microtubule motor that transports material from the positive end to the negative end
33
Q

What are the functions of microtubules?

A

1) Support the cytoplasm
2) Organelle Support
3) Cell division
4) Motility of cilia & flagella
5) Long-range transport of vesicles

34
Q

Kinesin

A
  • Microtubule motor
  • Transports from negative end (nucleus) to positive end
  • E.g. neurotransmitters

Cell & Tissue Biology (25 decks)

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