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Cell & Tissue Biology > Exam #2: Bone > Flashcards

Exam #2: Bone Flashcards

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1
Q

What does pressure being applied to bone result in?

A

Bone resorption (breakdown)

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2
Q

What does tension being applied to bone result in?

A

Bone deposition (addition)

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3
Q

What percentage of Ca++ is stored in bone?

A

99%

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4
Q

Metaphysis

A

Angulation between the diaphysis & epiphysis

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5
Q

What is the difference between active/growing periosteum & inactive/ mature periosteum?

A
  • Active (growing)= 2x distinct layers

- Inactive= mostly outer fibrous layer with a poorly defined inner layer

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6
Q

Characteristics of the Outer Fibrous Layer of Periosteum

A
  • Dense collagenous CT
  • Contains blood & lymphatic vessels, & nerves
  • Anchored to bone via Sharpey’s Fibers
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7
Q

Sharpey’s Fibers

A

Bundles of collagenous fibers that anchor the outer fibrous periosteum to the bone

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8
Q

Characteristics of Inner Fibrous Layer of Periosteum

A
  • Active= osteoprogenitor cells

- Inactive= periosteal cells

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9
Q

Characteristics of Endosteum

A
  • Single row of osteoprogenitor cells
  • Lines bone marrow cavity
  • Lines Haversian & Volkman Canals
  • Covers bony spicules & trabeculae of spongy bone
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10
Q

Inorganic Component of Bone Matrix

A
  • Minerals that give bone its hardness

- 65% of the dry weight of bone

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11
Q

Organic Component of Bone Matrix

A

Consists of fibers & ground substance

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12
Q

Fibers

A
  • Type I Collagen (acidophilic)

- Prevent bone from becoming brittle

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13
Q

Ground substance

A
  • Proteoglycans w/ GAG side chains
  • Multiadhesive Glycoproteins
  • Bone specific proteins
  • Growth Factors
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14
Q

Ground Substance Proteoglycans

A
  • Hyaluronan
  • Chondroitin Sulfate
  • Keratin Sulfate

Function: Bind growth factors

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15
Q

Ground Substance Multiadhesive Glycoproteins

A
  • Osteonectin

- Sialoproteins

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16
Q

Osteonectin

A

“glue” between collagen & hydroxyappetite crystals

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17
Q

Sialoproteins

A
  • Osteopontin= binds cells to bone matrix

- Sialoproteins I & II= helps bind cells to bone matrix & begins calcium phosphate formation during mineralization

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18
Q

Bone -specific, Vitamin K-dependent proteins

A

Osteocalcin= traps Ca++ from the blood & stimulates osteoclasts to remodel bone

19
Q

BMP

A

Bone Morphogenic Protein

  • induce mesenchymal cells to differentiate into osteoblasts
  • Used following surgery to stimulate bone formation
20
Q

What are osteoprogentior cells in the inner layer of periosteum called?

A

Periosteal cells

21
Q

What are osteoprogenitor cells in the endosteum called?

A

Endosteal cells

22
Q

Osteoblast Characteristics

A
  • Cuboidal Shaped
  • Basophilic due to rER
  • Synthesize organic component of bone matrix called osteoid
  • Membranes contain a high level of alkaline phosphatase enzyme
23
Q

Osteoid

A
  • Organic component of bone matrix
  • Non-mineralized
  • Type I Collagen
  • BMPs
24
Q

When bone is being synthesized, what increases in the blood?

A

Alkaline phosphatase levels

25
Q

Alkaline phosphatase enzyme

A

Mineralizes bone

26
Q

How do osteoblasts communicate with other osteoblasts & osteocytes?

A

Gap junctions

27
Q

Periosteocytic Space

A

Space between the osteocyte cell membrane & the lacuna & canaliculi

28
Q

What surrounds an osteocyte?

A

1) Fluid in the periosteocytic space
2) Osteoid
3) Mineralized bone

29
Q

Characteristics of osteoclasts

A
  • Multinucleated
  • Motile
  • Acidophilic
  • Very large
30
Q

What are osteoclasts derived from?

A

Monocytes (mononuclear hemopoietic progenitor cells)

31
Q

Ruffled Border

A
  • Site of exocytosis of hydrolyitc enzymes

- Also the site of endocytosis of broken down bone & other products

32
Q

Clear Zone

A
  • NO organelles, but has actin ring

- Sealing zone that isolates the acidic, corrosive resorption compartment

33
Q

Basolateral Region

A
  • Contains organelles

- Functions in exocytosis of broken-down matrix

34
Q

What breaks down the inorganic component of bone?

A

Acidic environment created by the osteoclasts (H+)

35
Q

What breaks down the organic component of bone?

A

Lysosomal hydrolases & metalloproteinases

36
Q

How do drugs that slow bone breakdown in osteoporosis work?

A

Accelerate osteoclast apoptosis

37
Q

Compact Bone

A
  • Dense solid bone that forms a shell around the exterior of long bones
  • Contains Haversian systems (Osteons)
38
Q

Cancellous Bone

A
  • Spongy bone that lines the marrow cavity of long bones

- Contains an irregular arrangement of lamellae

39
Q

Primary (Immature, Woven, Bundle) Bone

A
  • Forms during fetal development & bone repair
  • Temporary tissue that is resorbed by osteoclasts and then replaced by secondary bone
  • Bone lining the alveolar sockets remains immature throughout life
40
Q

Secondary Bone

A
  • Contains parallel or concentric lamellae
  • Collagen fibers are parallel within lamella
  • Higher mineral content (stronger)
  • May exist as spongy or compact bone
41
Q

Haversian Canal

A
  • Vascular space enclosing a neurovascular bundle

- Does NOT contain lymphatic vessels

42
Q

What is the only bone tissue that contains lymphatic vessels?

A

Perichondrium

43
Q

Rickets

A
  • Ca++ Deficiency or Vitamin D deficiency in which bone does not mineralize properly, leading to bowing of the lower legs in infants
  • Osteomalacia in adults

Cell & Tissue Biology (25 decks)

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