Exam 3 Ch 12 Flashcards
Genetic Engineering
Inserting cloned genes into an organism
Potential applications of genetic engineering
Human insulin made from bacteria cells
Production of vaccines
Polymerase chain reaction
Creates billions of copies of a segment of DNA in a test tube in a matter of hours
Steps of PCR
Denaturation
Annealing
Extension
Denaturation step
DNA is heated so it becomes single stranded
Annealing step
Nucleotide primer hybridizes (binds) to each of the single DNA strands
Extension step
DNA polymerase adds complimentary bases to each of the single DNA strands (Creating double strand)
PCR “ingredients”
DNA polymerase from thermus aquaticus (can withstand high temperatures)
Primers-amplify specific target DNA
PCR applications
Forensic method for analyzing DNA at a crime scene
Reproductive cloning
Process that creates a new individual that is genetically identical to the original individual
Theraputic cloning
Cloning done to produce mature cells of various types. It is also used to learn about the specialization of cells and provide cells to treat human illnesses
Transgenic Organism
An organism that has had a gene from another species inserted into its genome
They can produce biotech products such as insulin and vaccinations
Proteomics
Explores structure and function of cellular proteins and how they interact to produce traits
Genomics
(The study of genomes) The study of entire set of DNA sequences in an organism (Coding and noncoding)
Bioinformatics
Application of computer technologies to study the genome and proteome
