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Biology > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the characteristics of life

A 
Organization 
Energy Usage
Adaptation
Reproduction
Response to Stimulus
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2
Q

Levels of organization

A 
Atom
Molecule
Cells
Tissue
Organ
Organ system
Organism
Species
Population
Community
Ecosystem
Biosphere
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3
Q

What is the level Atom composed of

A

Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
It is non-living

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4
Q

What is the level Molecule composed of

A

Two or more atoms

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5
Q

Cells

A

The structural and functional unit of all living organisms (smallest living unit)

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6
Q

Tissue

A

A group of cells working together with a common structure and function

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7
Q

Organs

A

2 or more tissues functioning together for a certain task

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8
Q

Organ system

A

2 or more related organs working together (cardiovascular)

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9
Q

What is an Organism

A

An Individual

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10
Q

Species

A

A group of similar, interbreeding organisms

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11
Q

Population

A

Organisms of the same species living in a particular area

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12
Q

Community

A

Interacting populations in a certain area

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13
Q

Ecosystem

A

A community plus the physical environment

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14
Q

Biosphere

A

All of the earth, and atmosphere

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15
Q

Define and Describe evolution

A

The process in which populations change over time to adapt to their environment. These changes pass on to the next generations. Evolution is responsible for the extreme diversity on earth

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16
Q

Define and Describe Natural Selection

A

The mechanism of evolutionary change and is based on how a population changes in response to the environment. Individuals who are better suited to an environment tend to live longer and produce more offspring. This results in changes of characteristics over time, which links back to evolution.

17
Q

Define Taxonomy

A

The discipline of identifying and naming organisms according to certain rules

18
Q

Categories of classification

A 
Species
Genus 
Family
Order
Class
Phylum
Kingdom
Domain
19
Q

The steps of the scientific method

A 
Observation
Hypothesis
Prediction
Experiment
Conclusion
20
Q

Goal of Observation (SM)

A

It is a formal way of watching the world and can expand understanding which in turn can help guide an experiment.

21
Q

Goal of Hypothesis(SM)

A

It is based on existing knowledge (maybe from observation) and it must be able to be tested. It is the backbone of an experiment.

22
Q

Goal of Prediction (SM)

A

If a hypothesis is well prepared the scientist should be able to predict the results. If the results and prediction don’t match the hypothesis should be revisited and a new set of experiments should be designed.

23
Q

Goal of Experiment (SM)

A

Experiments are a set of procedures that test the hypothesis. If the experiments and prediction don’t match then the hypothesis is false.

24
Q

Goal of Conclusion (SM)

A

Analyze the data collected and determine whether the hypothesis is supported or not.

25
Q

What are the 3 domains

A

Archaea - Prokaryote
Bacteria - Prokaryote
Eukarya - Eukaryote

26
Q

What is the basic structure of an atom

A

Inside the nucleus are protons and neutrons

Electrons are outside the nucleus on the electron shells

27
Q

What is the significance of an octet

A

When an atom has 8 electrons in its valence shell it is at its most stable point. Atoms can steal, share, or give up electrons to reach 8.

28
Q

Define Ionic bond and relate to octet rule

A

Attractions between opposite charges. Bond does not stay together long. If an atom has 7 electrons in its valence shell and another has 1 electron in its valence shell, they will come together to transfer 1 electron and then they will split apart. both now have 8 electrons.

29
Q

Define covalent bond and relate to octet rule

A

A covalent bond is the sharing of electrons. Atoms can share electrons to both be stable at 8

30
Q

What is a hydrogen bond?

A

A hydrogen bond is a weak bond between two molecules (Hydrogen and something else) due to a high affinity for electrons

31
Q

What are the properties of water

A 
Solvency
Cohesion/Adhesion
High surface tension
High heat of vaporization
Varying density
32
Q

How does Solvency relate to hydrogen bonding

A 
Due to polarity and H-bonding, water
dissolves many substances
Hydrophilic—molecules attracted to water
Hydrophobic—molecules not attracted to
water
33
Q

How does High surface tension relate to hydrogen bonding

A

Water molecules at the surface cling more
tightly to each other than to the air above.
Mainly due to hydrogen bonding

Biology (32 decks)

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