Exam 1 Flashcards
What are the characteristics of life
Organization Energy Usage Adaptation Reproduction Response to Stimulus
Levels of organization
Atom Molecule Cells Tissue Organ Organ system Organism Species Population Community Ecosystem Biosphere
What is the level Atom composed of
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
It is non-living
What is the level Molecule composed of
Two or more atoms
Cells
The structural and functional unit of all living organisms (smallest living unit)
Tissue
A group of cells working together with a common structure and function
Organs
2 or more tissues functioning together for a certain task
Organ system
2 or more related organs working together (cardiovascular)
What is an Organism
An Individual
Species
A group of similar, interbreeding organisms
Population
Organisms of the same species living in a particular area
Community
Interacting populations in a certain area
Ecosystem
A community plus the physical environment
Biosphere
All of the earth, and atmosphere
Define and Describe evolution
The process in which populations change over time to adapt to their environment. These changes pass on to the next generations. Evolution is responsible for the extreme diversity on earth
Define and Describe Natural Selection
The mechanism of evolutionary change and is based on how a population changes in response to the environment. Individuals who are better suited to an environment tend to live longer and produce more offspring. This results in changes of characteristics over time, which links back to evolution.
Define Taxonomy
The discipline of identifying and naming organisms according to certain rules
Categories of classification
Species Genus Family Order Class Phylum Kingdom Domain
The steps of the scientific method
Observation Hypothesis Prediction Experiment Conclusion
Goal of Observation (SM)
It is a formal way of watching the world and can expand understanding which in turn can help guide an experiment.
Goal of Hypothesis(SM)
It is based on existing knowledge (maybe from observation) and it must be able to be tested. It is the backbone of an experiment.
Goal of Prediction (SM)
If a hypothesis is well prepared the scientist should be able to predict the results. If the results and prediction don’t match the hypothesis should be revisited and a new set of experiments should be designed.
Goal of Experiment (SM)
Experiments are a set of procedures that test the hypothesis. If the experiments and prediction don’t match then the hypothesis is false.
Goal of Conclusion (SM)
Analyze the data collected and determine whether the hypothesis is supported or not.
What are the 3 domains
Archaea - Prokaryote
Bacteria - Prokaryote
Eukarya - Eukaryote
What is the basic structure of an atom
Inside the nucleus are protons and neutrons
Electrons are outside the nucleus on the electron shells
What is the significance of an octet
When an atom has 8 electrons in its valence shell it is at its most stable point. Atoms can steal, share, or give up electrons to reach 8.
Define Ionic bond and relate to octet rule
Attractions between opposite charges. Bond does not stay together long. If an atom has 7 electrons in its valence shell and another has 1 electron in its valence shell, they will come together to transfer 1 electron and then they will split apart. both now have 8 electrons.
Define covalent bond and relate to octet rule
A covalent bond is the sharing of electrons. Atoms can share electrons to both be stable at 8
What is a hydrogen bond?
A hydrogen bond is a weak bond between two molecules (Hydrogen and something else) due to a high affinity for electrons
What are the properties of water
Solvency Cohesion/Adhesion High surface tension High heat of vaporization Varying density
How does Solvency relate to hydrogen bonding
Due to polarity and H-bonding, water dissolves many substances Hydrophilic—molecules attracted to water Hydrophobic—molecules not attracted to water
How does High surface tension relate to hydrogen bonding
Water molecules at the surface cling more
tightly to each other than to the air above.
Mainly due to hydrogen bonding
