Exam 2 Ch. 7

Question 1

Define Oxidation

Answer 1

Removal of hydrogen atoms

Question 2

Define Reduction

Answer 2

Addition of hydrogen atoms

Question 3

Why does oxidation and reduction happen in pairs

Answer 3

If one thing is being oxidized, something else will need to be reduced.

Essentially, the hydrogen atoms that were oxidized will need to go somewhere

Question 4

Oxidation/Reduction equation

Answer 4

C6H12O6+6O2—–>6CO2+6H2O+energy

Question 5

Oxidation part of photosynthesis equation

Answer 5

C6H12O6+6O2—->6CO2

Question 6

Reduction part of photosynthesis equation

Answer 6

6O2—->6CO2+6H2O+energy

Question 7

What is the significance of NAD+ and FADH2 in cellular respiration

Answer 7

NAD+ and FADH2 are released in the beginning of cellular respiration (NAD -glycolysis, NAD and FADH2-Krebs) they provide hydrogen to oxygen to create water during the electron transport train. Hydrogens are used by the ATP synthase enzyme to make ATP by pulling hydrogen molecules across the membrane. They also donate electrons to the electron transport train

Question 8

Where does Glycolysis occur?

Answer 8

Cytoplasm

Question 9

Energy output of glycolysis?

Answer 9

2 ATP, 2 Pyruvates, 2 NADH

Question 10

Starting substrate of glycolysis

Answer 10

Glucose

Question 11

Ending substrate of glycolysis

Answer 11

Pyruvate

Question 12

Where does the preparatory reaction take place

Answer 12

Mitochondria (Matrix of)

Question 13

Where does the Krebs Cycle take place

Answer 13

Mitochondria (Matrix of)

Question 14

Where does the electron transport train take place?

Answer 14

Cristae of Mitochondria

Question 15

Starting substrate of preparatory reaction

Answer 15

2 Pyruvate

Question 16

Ending product of preparatory reaction

Answer 16

Acetyl-CoA and Carbon Dioxide

Question 17

Energy output of preparatory reaction

Answer 17

2 CO2, 2 NADH, 2 Acetyl-CoA

Question 18

Starting Substrate of Krebs Cycle

Answer 18

Acetyl-CoA

Question 19

Ending product of krebs cycle

Answer 19

NADH,FADH2 and CO2

Question 20

Energy output of Krebs Cycle

Answer 20

2 ATP

Question 21

Starting Substrate of electron transport train

Answer 21

NADH and FADH2

Question 22

Ending product of electron transport train

Answer 22

Water

Question 23

Energy output of electron transport train

Answer 23

34 ATP

Question 24

Summarize how non-glucose food sources may be utilized for energy production

Answer 24

Fat breaks down to glycerol and 3 fatty acid chains and then enters glycolysis. Fatty acids are metabolized to acetyl groups and enter the krebs cycle.

Question 25

Direction of movement in passive transport

Answer 25

High to low concentration

Question 26

The need for energy in passive transport

Answer 26

Uses Kinetic Energy

Uses no metabolic energy (ATP)

Question 27

Direction of movement in active transport

Answer 27

Low to High Concentration (Against gradient)

Question 28

The need for energy in active transport

Answer 28

Uses ATP

Question 29

Bulk transport

Answer 29

the movement of macromolecules such as protein or polysaccharides in or out of the cell.

Movement is independent of gradients, additional energy is required.

Question 30

Exocytosis

Answer 30

Materials are exported out of the cell

Question 31

Endocytosis

Answer 31

Process by which materials move into the cell

Question 32

Methods of bulk transport

Answer 32

Exocytosis

Endocytosis

Question 33

Define Isotonic

Answer 33

Concentration is the same in and out of the cell
No net movement of water
Cell does not swell or shrink

Question 34

Define Hypertonic

Answer 34

Concentration is less outside the cell than inside

Cells shrink

Question 35

Define Hypotonic

Answer 35

Concentration is greater outside the cell than inside

Cell swells and may burst