Exam 2 Ch. 7 Flashcards
Define Oxidation
Removal of hydrogen atoms
Define Reduction
Addition of hydrogen atoms
Why does oxidation and reduction happen in pairs
If one thing is being oxidized, something else will need to be reduced.
Essentially, the hydrogen atoms that were oxidized will need to go somewhere
Oxidation/Reduction equation
C6H12O6+6O2—–>6CO2+6H2O+energy
Oxidation part of photosynthesis equation
C6H12O6+6O2—->6CO2
Reduction part of photosynthesis equation
6O2—->6CO2+6H2O+energy
What is the significance of NAD+ and FADH2 in cellular respiration
NAD+ and FADH2 are released in the beginning of cellular respiration (NAD -glycolysis, NAD and FADH2-Krebs) they provide hydrogen to oxygen to create water during the electron transport train. Hydrogens are used by the ATP synthase enzyme to make ATP by pulling hydrogen molecules across the membrane. They also donate electrons to the electron transport train
Where does Glycolysis occur?
Cytoplasm
Energy output of glycolysis?
2 ATP, 2 Pyruvates, 2 NADH
Starting substrate of glycolysis
Glucose
Ending substrate of glycolysis
Pyruvate
Where does the preparatory reaction take place
Mitochondria (Matrix of)
Where does the Krebs Cycle take place
Mitochondria (Matrix of)
Where does the electron transport train take place?
Cristae of Mitochondria
Starting substrate of preparatory reaction
2 Pyruvate
Ending product of preparatory reaction
Acetyl-CoA and Carbon Dioxide
Energy output of preparatory reaction
2 CO2, 2 NADH, 2 Acetyl-CoA
Starting Substrate of Krebs Cycle
Acetyl-CoA
Ending product of krebs cycle
NADH,FADH2 and CO2
Energy output of Krebs Cycle
2 ATP
Starting Substrate of electron transport train
NADH and FADH2
Ending product of electron transport train
Water
Energy output of electron transport train
34 ATP
Summarize how non-glucose food sources may be utilized for energy production
Fat breaks down to glycerol and 3 fatty acid chains and then enters glycolysis. Fatty acids are metabolized to acetyl groups and enter the krebs cycle.
Direction of movement in passive transport
High to low concentration
The need for energy in passive transport
Uses Kinetic Energy
Uses no metabolic energy (ATP)
Direction of movement in active transport
Low to High Concentration (Against gradient)
The need for energy in active transport
Uses ATP
Bulk transport
the movement of macromolecules such as protein or polysaccharides in or out of the cell.
Movement is independent of gradients, additional energy is required.
Exocytosis
Materials are exported out of the cell
Endocytosis
Process by which materials move into the cell
Methods of bulk transport
Exocytosis
Endocytosis
Define Isotonic
Concentration is the same in and out of the cell
No net movement of water
Cell does not swell or shrink
Define Hypertonic
Concentration is less outside the cell than inside
Cells shrink
Define Hypotonic
Concentration is greater outside the cell than inside
Cell swells and may burst
