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Biology > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

Study Guide

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What constitutes a organic molecule/

A

Must have hydrogen and carbon. Usually made up of a hydrocarbon skeleton

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2
Q

What are the common functional groups?

A 
Hydroxyl
Carboxyl
Amino 
Sulfhydryl
Phosphate
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3
Q

What are functional groups?

A

Specific combinations of bonded atoms that always have the same chemical properties and always react the same way

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4
Q

Define Monomer

A

Simple Molecule

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5
Q

Define Polymer

A

Monomers joined together

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6
Q

Carbohydrates Monomer and Polymers

A

Simple carbohydrates

Complex carbohydrates

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7
Q

Lipids Monomer and Polymer

A

Fatty Acid

Saturated fats

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8
Q

Protein Monomer and Polymer

A

Amino Acid

Peptides

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9
Q

Nucleic Acid Monomer and Polymer

A

Nucleic Acid

DNA/RNA

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10
Q

What are the Organic Molecules

A

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids

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11
Q

What is a hydrolysis reaction

A

Adding a water molecule to break down a substance

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12
Q

What is a Dehydration reaction?

A

Removing a water molecule to build polymers

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13
Q

Specific Monomer used in Carbohydrates

A

Glucose / Monosaccharides

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14
Q

Roles of Carbs in the cell

A

Short term energy source

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15
Q

Roles of Lipids in the cell

A

Long term energy storage;insulation

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16
Q

Roles of Proteins in the cell

A 
Support
Metabolism
Transport
Defense
Motion
17
Q

Roles of Nucleic Acid in the cell

A

Storage of Genetic Information

18
Q

Specific Examples of Carbs

A

Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Polysaccharids

19
Q

Specific Examples of Lipids

A

Triglycerides
Phospholipids
Steroids

20
Q

Specific Examples of Proteins

A

Amino Acids

21
Q

Specific Examples of Nucleic Acid

A

Nucleotides

22
Q

4 Orders of Protein Structure

A

Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Quaternary

23
Q

Why is Primary Structure important?

Will have to relate to denatuation

A

Sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. Each chain has its own set of amino acids, assembled in a particular order. Changing a single amino acid can change the entire structure and function of a protein.

24
Q

Why is Secondary Structure important?

Will have to relate to denaturation

A

Folded structures that form within a polypeptide backbone. If a protein loses its shape, it may no longer be functional

25
Q

Why is Tertiary Structure important?

Will have to relate to denaturation

A

Overall 3-D structure of a polypeptide function is dependent on this. If it is disrupted the protein is denatured.

26
Q

Why is Quaternary Structure important?

Will have to relate to denaturation

A

Proteins made of multiple polypeptide chains.

27
Q

Denaturation

A

When a protein loses higher order structure, but not primary sequence it is said to be denatured. Denatured proteins are usually non-functional

Biology (32 decks)

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