Exam 2 Ch. 5

Question 1

How is energy measured in the body of in food?

Answer 1

Calorie

Kilocalorie=1000 calories

Question 2

Laws of thermodynamics

Answer 2

Law 1: Conservation of energy

Law 2: Entropy is always increasing

Question 3

Law 1 of thermodynamics meaning

Answer 3

Energy cannot be destroyed or created, but it can be changed from one to another

Question 4

Law 2 of thermodynamics meaning

Answer 4

Energy cannot be changed from one form to another without a loss of usable energy

Heat= least usable form of energy

Question 5

Structure of ATP

Answer 5

Adenine, Ribose, 3 phosphate group

Question 6

How does coupling ATP breakdown to other processes provide energy?

Answer 6

ATP being broken down to ADP creates energy, which can drive an energy-requiring reaction

EX: ATP breakdown provides energy for muscle movement-Myosin combines with ATP. ATP breaks down release of of ADP+P causes myosin to change shape and pull on actin

Question 7

Describe enzyme structure

Answer 7

It is a protein that is folded to create an active site that only fits a certain substrate

Question 8

How are enzymes slowed down in some cases

Answer 8

Enzymes prefer optimum temp, and pH, if these are to high or to low the enzyme can slow or become non-working

If too many products are being made the final products can bind with the allosteric site to prevent the enzyme from binding with more substrates (Feedback inhibition)

Question 9

Relate enzyme to biochemical (Metabolic) pathways

Answer 9

Metobolic pathways start with a reactant and end with a product. It is a series of linked reactions involving many enzymes. (A–e1–B–e2–C–e3–D)

Question 10

What is Entrophy

Answer 10

Relative amount of disorganization

Question 11

How does Law 1 of thermodynamics relate to energy in the body

Answer 11

transforming chemical energy from your last snack into kinetic energy as you walk, breathe, ect.

Question 12

How does Law 2 of thermodynamics relate to energy in the body

Answer 12

As you contract the muscles of your legs to move your body forward, you are using chemical energy and converting it into kinetic energy. However, you’re doing this with pretty low efficiency: a large fraction of the energy is simply transformed into heat.

Question 13

What is ATP coupling

Answer 13

the use of the free energy released by the hydrolysis of ATP to drive a thermodynamically unfavourable reaction