Exam 3- Alterations Of Cardiovascular Function Flashcards
Varicose veins
Distended and tortuous superficial veins in which blood has pooped because of damaged valves.
Chronic venous insufficiency
Sustained inadequate venous return due to vascular damage
Intermittent claudication
Ischemic pain in the lower extremities that occurs while walking but disappears when resting.
Thromboangiitis obliterans
Inflammatory disease of peripheral arteries that usually is associated with smoking.
Raynaud disease
Vasospastic disease of peripheral arteries in which episodes of ischemia and pallor are followed by rubor and parasthesias.
Pericarditis
Inflammation of the membranous sac that surrounds the heart.
Tamponade
Compression of the heart by pericardial fluid.
Post-thrombotic Syndrome
Characterized by chronic persistent pain, edema, and ulceration of a limb that had DVT.
What is a major complication of DVT?
development of PE
What is a major complication of arterial thrombus?
Systemic thromboembolism
Superior vena cava Syndrome
Occurs when a mass, like a tumor, compresses the superior vena cava, causing venous distinction in the upper extremities and head.
Primary HTN
No cause
Causal factors increase peripheral vascular resistance and/or cause sustained increase in blood volume.
Hypertension
The pressure-natriuresis relationship shifts so that the patient excretes less sodium in the urine.
Sustained hypertension causes left ventricular hypertrophy and coronary arthrosclerosis, increasing the risk for myocardial infarction.
Uncomplicated HTN
No symptoms
Tx: begins with lifestyle modifications.
Dissecting aneurysm
Blood enters an artery wall and runs between the layers of the wall.
Rheumatic fever
Characterized by carditis, acute migratory polyarthritis, chorea, and erythema marginatum, which occur 1 to 5 weeks after streptococcal infection of the pharynx.
Causes cardiac valve damage by an abnormal immune response.
Infective endocarditis
Causes cardiac valve damage by streptococci or other organisms.
Patients with subacute bacterial endocarditis are at risk for bacterial embolism.
Constrictive pericarditis
A chronic condition that can compress the heart.
Atherosclerosis
Hardening of the arteries. The lining of the arteries is supposed to be smooth, so the blood can travel easily. And atherosclerosis, the linings become thick and rough. Sometimes a clot develops in socks blood flow. In the heart it is an MI, in the brain it is a stroke.
Left heart failure
Symptoms: orthopnea, dyspnea, decreased urine output it, copping pink frothy sputum, crackles upon auscultation.
Right heart failure
Symptoms: jugular venous distention, hepatomegaly, ankle Adema.
Risk factors for HTN
Family history, low potassium intake, increased age, increased renin, obesity, low magnesium intake, increased firing of SNS, high sodium intake, cigarette smoking, high alcohol intake, glucose intolerance.
Secondary hypertension
HTN caused by an underlying disease process, such as renal disease.
Myocardial hibernation
Involves persistently ischemic myocardium that undergoes metabolic adaptation until the perfusion is restored
