Exam 2- Adaptive Immunity Flashcards
Active immunity
Active immunity is produced by an individual either after natural exposure to an antigen or after immunization.
Passive immunity
Active immunity is produced by an individual either after natural exposure to an antigen or after immunization.
CD4 cells
stands for cluster of differentiation, used to label a very large family of proteins found on the surface of many cells that are responsible for recognizing an antigen in order to have a successful immune response. located on the Th cells. =binds to MHC class II as co-receptor with the TCR.
Cytotoxic T cells
attack and kill cells directly by secreting perforins that make a pore in the membrane and injecting granzymes through the pores, causing apoptosis. Targets for Tc cells include cells infected by a variety of viruses, as well as cells that have become cancerous.
T cells
Part of cell-mediated immunity. T-cells undergo differentiation during an immune response and develop into several subpopulations of cells that react directly with antigen on the surface of infectious agents. Some develop into T cells that can stimulate the activities of other leukocytes via cell-to-cell contact or through the secretion of cytokines.
Immunoglobulins
a serum glycoprotein produced by plasma cells in response to a challenge by an immunogen. The term is used to denote all moleuces that are known to have specificity for antigen. In contrast, the term antibody is used to denote one particular set of immunoglobulins with specificity against a known antigen. There are five molecular classes of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, and IgD).
Helper T cells
T cells that facilitate the immune response. Regardless of whether an antigen primarily induces a cellular or humoral immune response, T-helper cells is usually necessary for the process. Th cells help the antigen-driven maturation of both B and T cells by facilitating and magnifying the interaction between APCs (antigen-presenting cells) and the immunocompetent lymphocytes. Involves 3 steps: (1) the Th cell directly interacts with the APC through a variety of antigen-specific and antigen-dependent recptors; (2) the Th cell undergoes a differentiation process during which a variety of cytokine genes are activated; and (3) depending on the pattern of cytokin expressed, the mature Th cell interacts with either immunocompetent B or T cells to enhance their repsonse to antigen, which results in differentiation into either plasma cells or effector T cells, such as T-cytotoxic cells.
Humoral
Type of adaptive immunity.
B-lymphocytes (bone marrow). When organism enter the humerus (fluid) of the body, not the cells yet. B-cells make antibodies that are effective for stuff floating around.
Plasma cell
Antibody-producing cell
T-regulatory cell
Cell that suppresses immune response to self-antigens.
Hapten
A small antigen that binds to large molecules and indices an immune response.
Epitope
Portion of antigen that is recognized and bound by an antibody or specific lymphocyte receptor.
Aka antigenic determinant
Superantigen
Molecule that activates many Th2 cell receptors regardless of their antigen specificity by binding in an unusual location.
HLA antigens
Human MHC molecules
MHC
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a set of cell surface proteins essential for the acquired immune system to recognize foreign molecules in vertebrates, which in turn determines histocompatibility.
