Acid Base Balance

Question 1

Respiratory acidosis

Answer 1

COPD, sedative OD, severe PNA, atelectasis, hypoventilation, pulmonary edema.

Question 2

Respiratory alkalosis

Answer 2

Hyperventilation, stimulated respiratory center, liver failure.

Question 3

Metabolic acidosis with anion gap

Answer 3

Increased H+ load, DKA, lactic acidosis, ingestions (ethylene glycol, salicylates)

Question 4

Metabolic acidosis without anion gap

Answer 4

Diarrhea, proximal renal tubule acidosis

Question 5

Hydrogen ions

Answer 5

Maintain membrane integrity and the speed of enzymatic reactions. Must be tightly regulated in the body to function normally. Expressed as pH.

Question 6

Buffers

Answer 6

Substances that can absorb excessive acid or base without a significant change in pH. Exist as an acid-base pair such as carbonic acid- bicarbonate
Chemical- act immediately
Respiratory- seconds to minutes
Renal- hours to days

Question 7

Compensation

Answer 7

When the lungs or kidney adjust for changes in pH by increasing or decreasing ventilation and by producing urine that is more acidic or alkalinic.

Question 8

Metabolic alkalosis

Answer 8

Increase in bicarbonate usually caused by loss of metabolic acids from conditions such as vomiting, GI suctioning, excessive bicarbonate intake, hypersldosteronism, and diuretic therapy.

Question 9

Parathyroid hormone

Answer 9

Low plasma calcium stimulates release. Causes increased reabsorption of bone, stimulates renal reabsorption of calcium, inhibits renal reabsorption of phosphate.

Question 10

Effects of pH

Answer 10

Increased pH= increased excitability (increased contractility and excitability of the heart)

Decreased pH= decreased excitability (decreases contractility of the heart)