Exam 2- Infection

Question 1

Communicability

Answer 1

Ability to spread from one individual to others and cause disease

Question 2

Vector

Answer 2

Agent that carries infectious microorganisms from an infected organism to uninfected ones

Mechanical: transmit infectious microorganisms passively example: house fly

Biologic: transmit infectious microorganisms through bites and stings

Question 3

Virulence

Answer 3

Capacity of an organism to cause severe disease

Question 4

Opportunistic

Answer 4

Normally not causing disease but able to do so when individuals immune system is suppressed

Question 5

Emerging infections

Answer 5

Previously unknown infections

Question 6

Tissue tropism

Answer 6

The types of cells that micro organisms can infect

Question 7

Exile toxins

Answer 7

Released during bacterial growth

Question 8

Endotoxins

Answer 8

Aka LPS. Released when bacteria die

Exist on the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria

Question 9

Colonization

Answer 9

An organisms ability to adhere to host tissue

Question 10

Antigenic variation

Answer 10

Helps the pathogen to avoid recognition by the host

Question 11

Window period

Answer 11

Virus multiplies in the mucosa and lymphoid tissue and spread widely. The adaptive immune system eventually recognizes it begins to make antibodies against it ending the window period

Question 12

Endemic

Answer 12

Diseases that have a stable infection rate in a particular population

Question 13

Epidemic

Answer 13

Much greater infection rate than usual in a particular population

Question 14

Pandemic

Answer 14

Much greater infection rate than usual on a large scale like a continent or the world

Question 15

Pathogenicity

Answer 15

The ability for an organism to cause disease

Question 16

Immunogenicity

Answer 16

The ability for an organism to elicit an immune response

Question 17

Prodromal stage

Answer 17

Is the stage of infectious disease where the individual has the first symptoms which often include mile fatigue

Question 18

Biofilms

Answer 18

Multicellular masses that bacteria can grow in to get protection from host immune responses and antibiotics

Question 19

Antitoxins

Answer 19

Antibodies against exotoxins

Question 20

Pyrogenic bacteria

Answer 20

Bacteria that produce exotoxins. They cause fever

Question 21

Intestinal parasites

Answer 21

May cause anemia from malabsorption of vitamin B 12 or from blood loss

Question 22

Invasion

Answer 22

Results in direct confrontation with the individuals primary defense mechanisms again spec to hear you which include the complement system antibodies and Phagocytes such as neutrophils and macrophages

Question 23

Evasion

Answer 23

The body’s defense mechanism results in the micro organism transported in the blood to the organs

Question 24

Aids

Answer 24

A viral disease caused by HIV. It infects and depletes the immune system. New cases are diagnosed initially by decreased cd4 T-cell numbers