Exam 2- Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorder Flashcards
Positive symptoms of schizophrenia
frequently occur during a psychotic episode, when an individual loses touch with reality and experiences something that should be absent (hallucinations, delusions, etc.)
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia
Negative symptoms are characterized by disruptions in the normal emotional states and expressions.
Bipolar I
A mood disorder. Features manic episodes and at least one major depressive episode. Occurs equally in men and women. The first choice of treatment to control mania and rapid cycling and to reduce the risk of suicide is Lithium. Sometimes used in combination with SSRIs, anticonvulsants, or atypical anticonvulsants.
Treatment focuses on tx of mania
Bipolar II
A mood disorder. Less severe than bipolar I. Characterized by recurrent major depressive episodes with one or more hypomanic (milder than manic) episodes. Affects more women than men. Focus of treatment is on the recurrent depressive symptoms. Often treated with antidepressants alone.
Tardive Dyskinesia
This is a side effect of some first-generation antipsychotic drugs like haloperidol and chlorpromazine. It resembles parkinson disease. It is characterized by tic-like jerky movements, such as smacking the lips or flicking the tongue, unsteady gait, or rocking back and forth when seated. Other side effects may include sedation, hypotension, akathisia (motor restlessness), constipation, weight gain, amenorrhea, and, less frequently, hepatotoxicity and ECG changes.
Delusion
False belief that persists despite contradictory evidence
Affective flattening
Lack of vertebral or nonverbal expression of emotion.
Anhedonia
Lack of pleasure in activities that are normally pleasurable.
Psychosis
Psychiatric d/o that involves loss of contact with reality.
Hallucination
Perception that occurs in the absence of external stimuli.
Disorganized thinking
Inability to connect thoughts logically.
Mood disorder
Psychiatric disorder involving predominant emotions that affect ability to function in society.
Arise from interplay between susceptible genes and environmental influences.
Schizophrenia
Inherited disease alleles show reduced penetrance, which means that individuals who have the disease genes may not manifest schizophrenia at some age.
Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
Important for function of working memory.
Hypoactive in schizophrenia
Proinflammatory cytokines
Increase secretion of cortisol in depression
