Exam 2- Stress And Disease

Question 1

Stress

Answer 1

Demand exceeds a person’s coping abilities. Begins with a stimulus the brain perceives as stressful and in turn promotes adaptational and survival-related physiologic responses. These responses can become deregulated and cause pathophysiology.

Question 2

Activation of the sympathetic nervous system

Answer 2

Increased heart rate and contractility, increased blood pressure, increased blood glucose, increase sphincter tone and gastrointestinal tract, increased diameter of bronchioles, decreased skin bloodflow, decreased peristalsis and gastrointestinal tract

Question 3

General adaptation syndrome

Answer 3

Nonspecific response to noxious physiologic stimuli
The alarm stage: The central nervous system is aroused.
stage of resistance or agitation: Choice to either fight or flight.
state of exhaustion: continuous stress causes the progressive breakdown of compensatory mechanisms and homeostasis. Exhaustion marks the onset of certain diseases.

Question 4

Post dramatic stress disorder

Answer 4

Occurs in response to memory of Trumatic events, where as a conditioned response occurs in response to anticipation of Trumatic events

Question 5

Coping

Answer 5

The process of managing stressful to mans and challenges that are appraised as texting or exceeding and individuals resources

Question 6

Cortisol

Answer 6

Increases blood glucose and secretion of gastric acid.

Has an anabolic affect on protein metabolism in the liver and a catabolic effect and muscle and other tissues

And high levels can cause poor wound healing.

Question 7

Sleep deprivation

Answer 7

Increases cortisol levels in blood before the usual bedtime, increases blood pressure, increases blood glucose, increases pro inflammatory cytokines, decreases activity at parasympathetic neurons

Question 8

Acute stress

Answer 8

Can be immunoenhancing

Question 9

Stress

Answer 9

When a physiological or psychological demand exceeds and individuals coping abilities

Question 10

Psychoneuroimmunology

Answer 10

The study of how consciousness the nervous system and the immune system interact

Question 11

Corticotropin releasing hormone

Answer 11

Released by the hypothalamus. Activates both the HPA axis and a sympathetic system

Question 12

Adrenal Medulla

Answer 12

An extension of the sympathetic nervous system

Question 13

Norepinephrine

Answer 13

Promotes arousal, increased vigilance, and increased anxiety.

Question 14

Allostatic load

Answer 14

The cumulative effects of physiologic responses to stressors

Question 15

Oxytocin

Answer 15

I hormone which has increased released during response to stressors is believed to promote social attachment