EXAM 1

Question 1

The MHC is divided into how many major regions?

Answer 1

4

Question 2

Which is not one one the 5 important factors in the functioning of antigens:

• Degradability
• Structural Stability
• Complexity
• Relativity
• Molecular weight

Answer 2

Relativity

Question 3

MCH class I molecules include the regions:

Answer 3

A, B, C

Question 4

T/F: Papain generates a single bivalent antigen-binding fragment.

Answer 4

False

Question 5

This immunoglobulin variant is the dominant type found on the immunoglobulins of all animals in a species.

Answer 5

Isotype

Question 6

What is the correct order for the phases of antibody response?

Answer 6

1) Lag phase

2) Log phase

3) Plateau phase

4) Decline phase

Question 7

What are applications of monoclonal antibodies:

Answer 7

• Immunoassay development
• Classifications of leukemias and lymphomas
• Quantification of hormones

Question 8

What is the correct order of the process of phagocytosis.

Answer 8

1) Chemotaxis

2) Adherence

3) Engulfment

4) Phagosome formation

5) Fusion

6) Digestion and destruction

Question 9

Opsonization is the coating of organisms by which two molecules

Answer 9

Fc and C3

Question 10

Adhesion

Answer 10

Upregulation of integrins promote activity of cell adhesion molecules on the endothelium

Question 11

Tethering

Answer 11

First contact of leukocyte with endothelium

Question 12

Triggering

Answer 12

Neutrophil is prepared to receive signals from chemokines

Question 13

Monocytes and macrophages are the primary source of which polypeptide hormone:

Answer 13

IL-1

Question 14

The cardinal signs of inflammation do not include:

• Pain
• Bruising
• Swelling
• Redness

Answer 14

Bruising

Question 15

Chronic inflammation almost always leads to:

Answer 15

Fibrosis

Question 16

The progressive stages of sepsis are:

Answer 16

Sepsis, severe sepsis, septic shock

Question 17

The sequence of component activation in the classic pathway is:

Answer 17

1, 4, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9

Question 18

Which acute phase protein has greater specificity for proinflammatory markers for sepsis?

Answer 18

Procalcitonin

Question 19

Which acute phase protein may help differentiate between bacterial and viral infections?

Answer 19

C-reactive protein

Question 20

As a group, cytokines:

Answer 20

• Bind to specific membrane receptors on target cells
• Act close to the site of synthesis on the same cell or on a nearby cell
• Regulate receptor expression in T and B cells

Question 21

This person is considered the “father of immunology”

Answer 21

Pasteur

Question 22

The innate immune system has:

Answer 22

The 1st and 2nd line of defense

Question 23

The adaptive immune system has all but:

Answer 23

An immediate protection component

Question 24

The stem cell is a common ________ multipotential cell.

Answer 24

CD34+

Question 25

Which is not a tissue sentinel cell in the innate immune system? - Macrophage - Neutrophil - Mast cell - Dendritic cell

Answer 25

Neutrophil

Question 26

What is the order of the classical pathway stages?

Answer 26

1) Recognition 2) Amplification 3) Membrane Attack Complex

Question 27

Which cell's primary function is host defense against bacterial and fungal infections?

Answer 27

Neutrophil

Question 28

Which cell is associated the most with allergic reactions?

Answer 28

Eosinophils

Question 29

All of the microbes that inhabit different locations in our bodies are called:

Answer 29

Microbiome

Question 30

What type of immunity does this mode of action belong in: Antibodies in action

Answer 30

Humoral Mediated Immunity

Question 31

What type of immunity does this mode of action belong in: Direct cell-to-cell contact or soluble products secreted by cells

Answer 31

Cell Mediated Immunity

Question 32

The characteristics of: - rapid recognition of microbes - use of widely expressed nonvariant receptors to recognize microbes - receptors to distinguish self from non-self are seen in which line of defense?

Answer 32

2nd

Question 33

Which immunoglobulin is commonly found in tears and saliva?

Answer 33

IgA

Question 34

T/F: Lymphatic fluid, lymphocytes, and antigens enter the lymph node through the efferent duct and exit through the afferent duct.

Answer 34

False

Question 35

Which cell would not be considered to be part of the innate immune system?

Answer 35

T lymphs

Question 36

What cell do these phrases/activities belong to: - consistent concentration at a steady state - respond to soluble mediator, interferon, from adaptive immune system

Answer 36

Macrophages

Question 37

What cell do these phrases/activities belong to: - highly variable concentration in peripheral circulating blood - respond to soluble mediator, interleukin-17, from the adaptive immune system

Answer 37

Neutrophils

Question 38

The IgM antibody class:

Answer 38

Has the highest molecular weight

Question 39

The chemical composition of an antibody is:

Answer 39

Protein

Question 40

The characteristic associated with IgD is:

Answer 40

Primarily a cell membrane immunoglobulin

Question 41

Avidity is defined as:

Answer 41

Strength with which a multivalent antibody binds to a multivalent antigen

Question 42

An appropriate description of IgG is:

Answer 42

Diffuses more readily into extravascular spaces, neutralizes toxins, and binds to microorganisms

Question 43

Bonding of antigen to antibody exists exclusively as

Answer 43

Noncovalent bonding

Question 44

The surface membrane marker for CD4 is found on:

Answer 44

Helper-induced T cells

Question 45

The appropriate function of B lymphocytes is:

Answer 45

Humoral immune response

Question 46

The surface marker for CD3 is found on:

Answer 46

All or most T lymphocytes

Question 47

The process of aging causes the thymus to:

Answer 47

- Decrease in size - Lose cellularity

Question 48

Which of the following is not a characteristic of T lymphocytes?

Answer 48

Can synthesis and secrete immunoglobulin

Question 49

The surface membrane marker for CD8 is found on:

Answer 49

Suppressor-cytotoxic T cells

Question 50

A characteristic of myeloperoxidase deficiency is:

Answer 50

Mild-to-moderate defect in bactericidal ability of neutrophils

Question 51

A characteristic of Chediak-Higashi Syndrome is:

Answer 51

Marked defect in cellular response to chemotaxis

Question 52

The function of neutrophils is:

Answer 52

As primary phagocytic cells

Question 53

The characteristic associated with colony stimulating factor is:

Answer 53

Stimulates hematopoietic growth factor

Question 54

Which activity is associated with interferon?

Answer 54

Interferes with viral replication

Question 55

Which of the following conditions can be associated with hypercomplementemia?

Answer 55

Myocardial infarction

Question 56

The __________ terminates in a membrane attack complex

Answer 56

- Classic Pathway - Alternative Pathway

Question 57

Generation of an active (C3bBb) C3 convertase is seen in

Answer 57

Alternative Pathway

Question 58

All of the following are complement controlling proteins except: - C1 (INH) - Factor I - Factor H - C3

Answer 58

C3

Question 59

Which pathway requires a humoral immune response?

Answer 59

Classic Pathway

Question 60

Which is not one of the 4 main sources of Biological Response Mediators?

Answer 60

Neutrophils

Question 61

In adaptive immunity acquired by active natural immunity, the duration of the presence of circulating antibody is ________ some other types of responses.

Answer 61

Longer than

Question 62

In adaptive immunity the mode of acquisition of passive natural immunity is:

Answer 62

Transfer in vivo or by colostrum

Question 63

Which is not a component of the alternative pathway? - C3 - C4 - Factor H - Factor I

Answer 63

C4

Question 64

protein family that is involved in forming a network of cellular interactions in the immune system?

Answer 64

- the immunoglobulin family - the integrin family - the selectin family