CH 13 - Infectious Disease and TORCH

Question 1

Effective immunologic defenses against bacteria are

Answer 1

Lysozymes and phagocytosis

Question 2

The detection of _________ can be of diagnostic significance during the first exposure of a patient to an infectious agent

Answer 2

IgM

Question 3

Serologic procedures for the diagnosis of recent infection should include

Answer 3

Acute and convalescent specimens

Question 4

Viral diseases are

Answer 4

Stimulated by production of, and in turn inhibited by, interferon

Question 5

Toxoplasmosis is a ________ infection

Answer 5

Parasitic

Question 6

The presence of IgM antibodies to T. gondii in an adult is indicative of a(an):

Answer 6

Active infection

Question 7

Congenital toxoplasmosis can cause:

Answer 7

Central nervous system malformation

Question 8

Antibodies to T. gondii are demonstrable _______ after infection

Answer 8

Within 2 weeks

Question 9

The method of choice for detecting IgM antibodies in toxoplasmosis is:

Answer 9

Indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) (lecture answer)

Question 10

The greatest risk of the manifestation of anomalies in maternal rubella is _________________ of gestation.

Answer 10

During the first trimester

Question 11

Testing for _______ antibody is invaluable for the diagnosis of congenital rubella syndrome.

Answer 11

IgM

Question 12

Before the licensing of rubella vaccine in the United States in 1969, epidemics occurred at _______year intervals.

Answer 12

6 to 9

Question 13

IgM antibodies to rubella virus reach peak levels at _______ days

Answer 13

7 to 10 (lecture answer)

Question 14

IgG antibodies to rubella virus increase rapidly for _______ days after the acquisition of infection.

Answer 14

7 to 21

Question 15

Which percentage of serologically confirmed cases of maternal infection occur before 11 weeks of gestation?

Answer 15

90%

Question 16

Laboratory confirmation of rubeola antibody is done by:

Answer 16

1. Detection of IgM antibodies in serum

OR

2. Detection of measles virus RNA by nucleic acid amplification in a clinical specimen

Question 17

CMV is recognized as the cause of congenital viral infection in what percentage of all live births?

Answer 17

0.4% to 2.5%

Question 18

A reactivated CMV infection can be described as:

Answer 18

A condition in which a seropositive recipient is transfused with blood from a CMV antibody–positive or negative donor

Question 19

A reinfection with CMV can be described as:

Answer 19

Having a significant antibody response and viral shedding caused by a different strain of virus

Question 20

A characteristic of CMV early antigens is:

Answer 20

They are present within 24 hours

Question 21

A characteristic of CMV immediate-early antigens is:

Answer 21

They appear within 1 hour of cellular infection

Question 22

The characteristic antibody response in a primary CMV infection is:

Answer 22

Specific IgM antibody response

Question 23

The characteristic antibody response in a reactivation of latent CMV infection in a seropositive IgG patient is:

Answer 23

IgG with no detectable IgM response

Question 24

A characteristic of CMV is:

Answer 24

Many CMV-infected newborns are asymptomatic

Question 25

A distinguishing characteristic of the herpes viruses is that:

Answer 25

1. They are cell-associated viruses

AND

2. Human beings are the only known reservoir of infection

Question 26

Up to _________ of infants develop antibody to HHV-6 by 10 to 11 months of age.

Answer 26

75%

Question 27

Rapid preliminary diagnosis of varicella-zoster virus can be done in the laboratory by:

Answer 27

Direct immunofluorescence

Question 28

Immunohistochemistry is a technique that can detect certain:

Answer 28

1. Viruses

AND

2. Parasites

AND

3. Fungi