CH 3 - Antigens and Antibodies Flashcards

1
Q

A synonym for an antigenic determinant is:

A

Epitope

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2
Q

Genetically different individuals of the same species are referred to as:

A

Allogenic

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3
Q

Antigenic substances can be composed of:

A
  • Large polysaccharides
  • Proteins
  • Glycoproteins
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4
Q

Which of the following characteristics of an antigen is the least
important?

A

Presence of large repeating polymers

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5
Q

The chemical composition of an antibody is:

A

Protein

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6
Q

The IgM antibody class:

A

Has the highest molecular weight

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7
Q

The IgG antibody calss:

A

Has the highest plasma or serum concentration in normal individuals

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8
Q

The IgA antibody class:

A

Can exist as a dimer

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9
Q

The IgE antibody class:

A

Has the shortest half-life

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10
Q

The IgD antibody class:

A

Has no known subclasses

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11
Q

The characteristic associated with IgG is:

A

Increase in infectious diseases, collagen disorders, and hematologic disorders

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12
Q

The characteristic associated with IgM is:

A

Produced earliest in the immune response

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13
Q

The characteristic associated with IgA is:

A

Predominant immunoglobulin in secretions

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14
Q

The characteristic associated with IgD is:

A

Primarily a cell membrane immunoglobulin

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15
Q

The characteristic associated with IgE is:

A

Mediates some types of hypersensitivity reactions

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16
Q

A characteristic of an isotype is:

A

Dominant type found on immunoglobulins of all animals of a species

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17
Q

A characteristic of an allotype is:

A

Found on the immunoglobulins of some, but not all, animals of a species

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18
Q

A characteristic of an idiotype is:

A

Individual determinants characteristic of each antibody

19
Q

Arrange the sequence of events of a typical antibody response.

A

1) Lag phase

2) Log phase

3) Plateau

4) Decline

20
Q

Which of the following statements is false about an anamnestic response versus a primary response?

  • Has a shorter lag phase
  • Has a longer plateau
  • Antibodies decline more gradually
  • IgM antibodies predominate
A

IgM antibodies predominate

21
Q

Which type of antibody is capable of placental transfer?

A

IgG

22
Q

Specificity is defined as:

A

Ability of an antibody to combine with one antigen instead of another

23
Q

Affinity is defined as:

A

Strength of a bond between a single antigenic determinant and an individual combining site

24
Q

Avidity is defined as:

A

Strength with which a multivalent antibody binds to a multivalent antigen

25
Q

Immune complex is defined as:

A

Noncovalent combination of an antigen with its respective specific antibody

26
Q

Which of the following type(s) of bonding is (are) involved in antigen–antibody reactions?

A
  • Hydrophobic
  • Hydrogen
  • Van der Waals
27
Q

Monovalent antibodies have also been referred to as:

A

Incomplete antibodies

28
Q

Which of the following is an accurate statement about monoclonal antibodies (MAbs)?

A
  • MAbs are antibodies engineered to bind to a single epitope
  • MAbs are purified antibodies cloned from a single cell
  • MAbs are used to classify and identify specific cellular membrane characteristics
29
Q

Antigens are characterized as:

A

Can be glycolipids or glycoproteins

30
Q

The immunogenicity of an antigen depends greatly on:

A

Its degree of foreignness

31
Q

Antibodies are also referred to as:

A

Immunoglobulins

32
Q

An appropriate description of IgM is:

A

Accounts for 10% of the Ig pool, largely confined to the intravascular
space

33
Q

An appropriate description of IgG is:

A

Diffuses more readily into extravascular spaces, neutralizes toxins,
and binds to microorganisms

34
Q

An appropriate description of IgA is:

A

Found in tears, saliva, colostrum, milk, and intestinal secretions

35
Q

An appropriate description of IgE is:

A

Mediates some types of hypersensitivity

36
Q

An appropriate description of IgD is:

A

Makes up less than 1% of total immunoglobulins

37
Q

Label the components of the basic immunoglobulin (Ig) configuration in the following figure:

A

40: fab segment

41: Fc segment

38
Q

Which of the following characterizes IgM?

  • Composed of five basic subunits
  • Less efficient in the activation of the complement cascade and agglutination than IgG
  • Less response in an initial antibody response
  • Predominant in a secondary (anamnestic) response
A

Composed of five basic subunits

39
Q

Label the four phases of an antibody response on the following figure

A

43: Lag

44: Log

45: Plateau

46: Decline

40
Q

In a secondary (anamnestic) response, a characteristic feature is:

A

IgG is the predominant antibody type

41
Q

Bonding of antigen to antibody exists exclusively as:

A

Noncovalent bonding

42
Q

The strongest bond of antigen and antibody chiefly results from the:

A

Goodness of fit

43
Q

Monoclonal antibodies have the characteristic of:

A

Cloned from a single cell