Essentials of Oceanography, Trujillo Chapter 3

Question 1

How can satelites use the sea surface to determine seafloor features

Answer 1

Large structures like Seamounts exert gravitational attraction from the water around, which creates a bulge on the sea surface.

Question 2

What are nemataths

Answer 2

chain of volcanic islands/features formed from hot-spots

Question 3

What are passive continental margins

Answer 3

continental margins far away from any plate boundary. These continental margins lack major tectonic activity.

Question 4

What are active continental margins

Answer 4

are associated with lithospheric plate boundaries and are marked by a high degree of tectonic activity.

Question 5

What are Submarine Canyons

Answer 5

Underwater canyons resemble canyons formed on land that are carved by rivers and
can be quite large

Question 6

What are Turbidity Currents

Answer 6

underwater avalanches
of muddy water mixed with rocks and other debris

Question 7

What is the most accepted way that submarine canyons are thought to have formed

Answer 7

underwater avalanches
of muddy water mixed with rocks and other debris

Question 8

What is Graded Bedding

Answer 8

a bed characterized by a systematic change in grain or clast size from bottom to top of the bed

Question 9

What type of bedding occurs at turbidite deposits

Answer 9

Graded bedding where coarse sediments are on the bottom

Question 10

How many deposits formed from 1 turbidity current

Answer 10

1 deposit

Question 11

What are turbidite deposits

Answer 11

Accumulation of turbidity current deposits that make up the Continental rise

Question 12

What are deep-sea fans

Answer 12

deposits at the mouths of submarine canyons are
fan shaped

Question 13

What is a guyot

Answer 13

Seamount with flattened top

Question 14

What are Seaknolls

Answer 14

Volcanic features on the ocean floor that are less than 1000 meters (0.6 mile) tall

Question 15

What are Pillow Lavas

Answer 15

When hot basaltic lava
spills onto the sea floor, it is exposed to cold seawater that chills the margins of the
lava, creating smooth, rounded lobes
of rock that resemble a stack of bed pillows

Question 16

Why do hydrothermal vents form in a rift valley

Answer 16

when cold seawater seeps down along cracks and fractures in the ocean crust and approaches an underground magma chamber, the water picks up heat
and dissolved substances and then works its way back toward the surface through
a complex plumbing system, exiting through the sea floor.

Question 17

What are hydrothermal vents in a rift valley

Answer 17

sea floor hot springs created when
cold seawater seeps down along cracks and fractures in the ocean crust and approaches an underground magma chamber

Question 18

What type of Hydrothermal vents form at Mid-Ocean Ridges

Answer 18

Black Smokers